The Sub Set Of Reverse Logistic

Reverse Logistics. Once a customer places an order for an item and the item has an associated return value, the GCSS-A system populates a list that so that all parties can see and know what part needs to be returned and that

2) Box Swap – simultaneously picking up one package from the customer at the same time as delivering another which reduces transportation costs.

Given the prediction that the Australian road freight task will be more than double between 2000 and 2020, it is important to consider the last mile problem in the context of city logistics. It is important to have a better knowledge of the functioning of urban logistics; particularly to find better urban freight transport practice and to explore innovative solutions for a better sustainability in urban areas.

A first of important group of reverse supply chains can be found in systems of directly reusable items such as reusable packages such as bottles, crates pallets and containers (see Chapter 1). Reusable items requiring only minor reprocessing steps such as cleaning and inspection can be expected to lead to a rather flat supply chain network structure comprising a small number of levels (i.e. depots). Moreover, a closed-loop supply chain structure seems natural in this context since there is no distinction between ‘original’ and ‘reuse’. Determining the number of items required to run the systems and prevention of loss are important issues in this closed-loop situation (Goh and Varaprasad, 1986).

Therefore, the company’s distribution plan of products is required to be flexible since each product has to be moved around the world and forecasting is an important key in logistic activities. The shipper must be able to adjust and deal with a swing in business activity. This may require a versatile transportation plan to keep the global supply chain moving smoothly. Moreover, the company also focuses on the cost of every painstaking aspect of the shipping process. The smaller the product packaging means the higher number of items that can fit into an individual case. The more cases that can fit into the shipping container means a larger number of items that can be shipped at one time. This cuts down on the transportation costs of fuel, paid driver hours, and vehicle maintenance cost. All these savings can be passed on to the customer who comes back to the manufacture and the shipper with customer loyalty.

Rexvilla Inc. inbound logistics refers to ways the company acquires resources and uses according to its needs. The range of resources used by the company giant includes office supplies, hardware, and various types of technologies. Normally, value chain analysis framework analyses the processes of receiving and storing raw materials until their

However it generalizes “point of consumption” to “a manufacturing, distribution or use point” and “point of origin” to “a point of recovery or point of proper disposal.” In this way we give margin to return flows that were not consumed first (for instance, stock adjustments due to overstocks or spare parts which were not used). We employ the expression “point of recovery” instead of “point of origin” since flows may go back to other points of recovery than the original (e.g. collected computer chips may enter another chain). Besides this, “point of recovery” stresses the distinction we want to make between reverse logistics and pure waste management activities. Furthermore, we include the reverse direction through the term “backward flows,” to exclude what can be considered as forward recovery. For instance, when a consumer gives his/her personal computer to the neighbour. In summary, the definition of Reverse Logistics has changed over time, starting with a sense of reverse direction, going through an overemphasis on environmental aspects, coming back to the original pillars of the concept, and finally widening its scope. For other discussions on the evolution of the definition of reverse logistics, we refer to Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (2001) and to Fernand´ez (2003).

They usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing and

According to Edward Frazelle. (2001) the figure below illustrates warehouse performing these functions in a logistics network. Unfortunately, in many of today’s networks, a single item will pass in and out of warehouse serving each of these functions

Reverse logistics is basically defined as the processes of receiving defective products or unwanted materials in order to recapture or regain value or ensure proper disposal of the products or materials. Therefore, the operations of reverse logistics are largely dependent on reversing the supply chain management processes in order for businesses to correctly determine and classify returned goods for disposal. However, reverse logistics processes entail more than merely

Jayaraman et al. (1999) developed a 0-1 MIP model to design the closed-loop supply chain of an electronic equipment remanufacturing company in the US. The supply chain includes collection of end-of-life products (core) from customers, remanufacturing and distribution of remanufactured products. In this setting, the optimal number and locations of remanufacturing plants and the number of cores collected are determined based on investment, transportation, processing, and storage costs. In addition, the stocking level of the remanufactured products is also optimised. Fleischmann et al. (2001) developed a MILP model for the design of a closed-loop supply chain. This model combines two models: one for a forward supply chain connecting factories to customers through warehouses, and the other for a reverse supply chain connecting customers to factories, through disassembly centres. The two chains are integrated by means of a balance constraint that assures for each factory that its total return is not greater than its total production. The authors discuss the main difference between traditional supply chains and combined forward and reverse supply chains. Two case studies (i.e. end-of-life copier and paper recovery) already published were used to explore model applications and their analysis concludes that, for some cases, the reverse supply chain must be accounted for simultaneously with the forward supply chain, but for other cases,

A Research Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of BSc (Hons) Logistics, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, 2011.

Earlier companies did not pay much attention to reverse logistics. However, now due to consumer awareness, law enforcement on disposal of certain goods makes it very important for companies to manage an efficient reverse logistics. Now-a-days, companies are even getting ISO certification for their returns process.

There are a number of worthwhile improvements in the fourth edition. We have included many more references and examples from general business and other literature because of the impact of logistics on a variety of business processes. This edition covers the academic and trade literature in the area of logistics extensively, and includes the most up-to-date information and examples. Readers will notice the significant number of citations from the year 2000. We have retained those elements that are "timeless" and those that made the previous editions successful.

Logisticians can also achieve ‘green logistics’ through reverse logistics operations which is designed to reuse products or dispose of them correctly, therefore reducing waste in the system. Rogers and Tibben-Lembke, (2001, p.130) define reverse logistics “as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of materials, in process inventory and finished goods, and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin, the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal”. Efforts that reduce this reverse flow are considered part of reverse logistics as they reduced the total amount of waste in the supply chain. Reverse logistics approaches include returns management, product repair/refurbishment, recycling of products and materials as well as the correct disposal of unwanted products. Figure 1 illustrates the product flow in reverse logistics and the principles of reverse logistics i.e. substitute, reduce, recycle and reuse (Wu and Dunn, 1995). All these reverse logistic approaches diminish the total quantity of waste in the supply chain and therefore can be used by logisticians in order to achieve green logistics.