Pancreatic transplants have had a lot of advancements over the last several years to help patients with Type 1 DM and the complications that arise from the disease. The increasing numbers of people with diabetes is cause for concern. In some cases diabetes can be prevented but in others its more about genetics; but with many medical advances patients have a better chance for survival. With advancements in surgical procedures pancreatic transplants are improving as well as the increased odds of curing Type 1. When this happens this will decrease the number of other co-morbidities like DKA, heart disease, nephropathy, blindness, and even amputation from infection and decreased blood flow to the extremities. I see on a daily basis the …show more content…
Diabetes effects all body systems not just the endocrine. All three types can effect and cause damage to the neurological, renal, and circulatory systems.
There are different treatment options for Type 1 and 2 diabetes that include oral medications, insulin injections, and insulin pumps(Diabetes and Kidney Disease). Oral medications are the most commonly used because of their ease of use and usually lowers the hemoglobin A1C effectively but can at times cause hypoglycemia (glucose levels falling below normal range of values). Oral medications are also mostly used for Type 2. Insulin is the method of choice in type 1 diabetes treatment plans. Insulin injections help reproduce the secretions of the pancreas. There are two types of insulin that is used, long acting and short acting. These help to better manage a person depending on meal consumption, caloric intake, and carbohydrate intake. Another way to manage type 1 is by an insulin pump. An insulin pump delivers continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (Lemur and Batuman 210). Only 1 insulin is used in a pump, fasting acting. Also a pump can be programmed to release different amounts of insulin depending on the time of day to better manage glucose levels without multiple injections daily.
Diabetes can lead to other co-morbidities making the body more difficult to manage and maintain balance. When this happens a condition called
You will be given oral medications to reduce the glucose level in the body. Insulin will be needed for type 1 diabetes and this will be taken for life. Insulin is also used in type 2 diabetes along with oral medicines.
A retrospective study showed that of the 1,900 patients at German University Hospital with T3CDM, approximately about 9% have Type 2 diabetes, and patients with T3CDM suffer frofrom chronic pancreatitis adand have elevated risks of getting pancreatitis cancer.
Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic illness this means that it has no cure and the symptoms persist over a long period of time. This illness is a result of an imbalance of hormones, insulin, produced in the pancreas. Insulin plays an important role in how the body uses food. Insulin enables the cells in the bloodstream to absorb and use glucose for fuel. If the pancreas produces too little or no insulin or if the insulin doesn’t work properly the person may become diabetic. Therefore, diabetics are not able to properly convert food into fuels needed by the body to function, which can seriously lead to physical consequences.
Most patients who have diabetes for an extended amount of time may end up with diabetic neuropathy, which is damage caused to the nerves; it affects the peripheral nerves, autonomic nerves, and focal nerves. From the high blood sugar, it can destroy parts of the patient’s blood vessels, heart, and kidneys. If diabetes is not treated, it will almost always cause heart disease or kidney disease.
Diabetes can affect the entire body. Two-thirds of adults with diabetes have high blood pressure, or hypertension. This condition is serious because it leads to an increased risk of stroke, heart disease, kidney and eye problems.
Diseases such as diabetes also affect other organs of the body which can lead to other complicated diseases.
Diabetics have an insulin problem Diabetes is a result of insulin not performing its job correctly. Since insulin does more than remove glucose from the bloodstream, including producing proteins, storing fats, and other metabolic processes, diabetes can have severe consequences. If it is not treated properly diabetes can lead to heart disease, stroke, eye problems (including blindness), kidney failure, problems with teeth and gums, male sexual problems, nerve problems, and circulation problems. The circulation problems could result in foot or leg amputation (Reddy 2).
All patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and many patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) require insulin therapy at some point to adequately manage their disease state.5 Traditional treatment of DM therapy, which ultimately includes subcutaneous injection of insulin, is often met with apprehension among diabetic patients due to the inconvenience and discomfort of injecting oneself. Administration of insulin by methods other than injection has been investigated since the discovery of insulin in the 1920s.6One such
Treatment of diabetes is important to minimize the harm that is done to the body by diabetes. In addition to exercise and a special diet, type 1 diabetes patients need regular insulin injections to lower the blood sugar levels, while people with type 2 diabetes usually don’t need insulin shots, most of them require insulin tablets in addition to healthy diets and regular exercise and a few don’t even need the insulin tablets. (2, 7)
Insulin is a crucial thing in a Type One Diabetics life. It is the only treatment for them. Not to confuse you, but insulin is no cure by any means. Their pancreas has stopped making insulin, so they must inject themselves with insulin several times each day in order to stay alive. They also must check their blood glucose levels at least every five hours throughout the daytime to make sure it does not go to high or low and before each meal. The only real treatment for Type Two Diabetics is eating healthy foods and exercising daily. They also must check their blood glucose levels regularly, but not near as often. Some people do take insulin for their Diabetes to help their pancreas produce a little more insulin, but it is only required if food, exercise and medicine (pills) are not working.
Both forms of Diabetes Mellitus require a treatment plan to maintain normal and stable levels of blood glucose. Once controlled levels of blood sugar with insulin injections, diet or medication, people with diabetes can lead a near normal life. Type I diabetes require insulin injections daily to maintain balanced sugar levels in the blood. If the concentration of glucose in the blood rises, (Thomsen), the imbalance can be identified by weakness, fatigue and thirst. These symptoms mean that more insulin is required. (Thomsen). However, if the concentration of glucose in the blood drops too low, a reaction occurs to insulin, causing dizziness, hunger, fatigue, headache, sweating, tremors and unconsciousness (in severe cases) . A quick fix for this problem is the person administering simple sugar such as that found in orange juice and some kinds of candy. However, this should be done only if the person is conscious and alert;
In type I Insulin diabetes mellitus. Usually patients who get it are younger patients. Type I diabetes signs and symptoms are extreme thirst extreme hunger, and extreme urination, which are usually always present. Just like in type II diabetes, some test that they will take for type I diabetes are fasting plasma glucose test, which is done in the morning before eating to keep track of your glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance test, which is done by glucose check in the morning, they then have you drink a liquid that is high in glucose, you wait 2 hours and finally your glucose is checked again. Treatment for patients with type I diabetes is a life time insulin injections. The pancreas and if a patient does not produce or make enough the glucose levels will rise in the blood making the patient hyperglycemic (which is high sugar levels in the blood) because they cannot enter the body cell. This is where the patient would need their insulin injections to help keep their blood sugar regulated.
The American Heritage Dictionary definition of diabetes is "a chronic disease of pancreatic origin, marked by insulin deficiency, excess sugar in the blood and urine, weakness, and emaciation." When you have diabetes, your body cannot use the food that you eat in the proper way. In a person without diabetes, when he or she eats, the food is broken down into blood glucose or blood sugar. After the food is in the form of glucose, the glucose is carried to all the cells of the body for energy. In order for the cells to receive the glucose, a hormone made in the islet or B-cells of the pancreas called insulin acts a receptor on the cell membrane to let the glucose enter inside the cells. In contrast, in people with diabetes, the body does not
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease which affects many people worldwide. Chronic uncontrolled diabetes is a major source of death and disability because of the damage it causes too many different tissues and organ systems throughout the body. Over time it causes blood vessel disease which can lead to heart disease and heart attack, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. It also has negative effects on the kidneys, eyes and the immune system, to name just a few other long-term damaging effects of diabetes.
The sagittal plane separates the body from left to right, and a person with diabetes may lose feelings and circulation on one side of the body. Functions separated by the sagittal plane can still function normally. Lower extremities (Transverse Plane) are affected greatly due to diabetes. People lose most, of if not all the feelings in their feet and toes. In some cases, feet can swell to a point where a person’s mobility is effected, and they require assistance or physical therapy. People with this disease can develop a gate imbalance as well, meaning that they can shake, or fall down easily when standing or walking. The disease can also affect sexual organs, or make it difficult for people to have sex. In men it can cause them not be able to obtain or even get an erection, and in women it can cause vaginal dryness, or decreased feeling while penetrated.