resistance to drugs is the result of changes in society and the microorganisms themselves (Cohen, 2000). The employment of drugs to prevent and combat disease often leads to drug resistance, as determined in the current antibiotic crisis. New ways of combating disease will and are being set up, such as the new budding theory of cross-reacting immunisation in bacterial infections. The primary weakness with this theory is that as a newfangled concept, its own complications will likely unfold. Pathogens are the