Vo2max Research Paper

It is to be hypothesised that participants with a greater Vo2 Max (oxygen capacity) will display superior 5k running performance and that there will be a moderate relationship between the two variables.

The Wingate Anaerobic Test is used to evaluate anaerobic cycling performance. This study was undertaken to determine whether there is a relationship between peak power and fatigue index for endurance (n=9) vs power (n=4) athletes. A total of 13 subjects, including 8 males and 5 females, were included in the study. The subjects were divided into sporting types, such as endurance and power. Data collected from the Wingate test included peak power (W), mean power (W), time to peak (S), minimum power (W) and fatigue index (%). When the peak power and fatigue index were considered together for endurance athletes, a significant relationship

This study examined the effects of jump rope training on maximal oxygen uptake (referred to as VO2Max). Previous studies show that “jumping rope can also be used to develop the coordination of neuromuscular skills, muscle strength, and cardiovascular endurance. It burns calories and builds strength in the upper and lower body” (Duzgun, 2010, pg. 184). The researcher hypothesized that these benefits of jump rope training would result in an increased VO2Max. Before testing, a single participant took a treadmill VO2Max pretest. The participant followed a jump rope training schedule for six weeks. After training, the participant took a posttest. The pretest and posttest showed a VO2Max increase of 1.1 ml/kg/min. These results indicate that jump

The definition of VO2 is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise. The definition of METs is the ratio of metabolic rate during a specific physical activity. The relationship between METs and activity are, the higher the MET level the more calories that are burnt and the higher METs the more intense the activity. The more Oxygen consumed during a VO2 maximal test, the more carbon dioxide is being produced, this raises the RER, RR, HR etc. A warm up before VO2 testing and a higher MET activity are important. A warm up will prime the body to make sure you are ready for the activity. Then , when you perform you must have a cool down to help lower your heart rate and replenish oxygen from the strenuous activity. Comparing my VO2 (48.8) in a national standards chart, I am in the 75th percentile. Using METs and Max VO2 is very helpful in making a program. You know what level of MET activity the client can withstand and you can control the intensity. Also, having HR zones, points where lactic acid build up starts and a plethora of data at your fingertips to manipulate in order to better train a client.

What limits the speed and stamina of most endurance athletes is the ability of their heart and lungs to deliver oxygen at a steady rate

The fourth, and most significant, response to training that a touch football player would experience is a change in their oxygen uptake. Maximal oxygen uptake, or max VO2, is considered by professionals to be the best guide for cardiorespiratory

The Balke treadmill test was used to estimate your maximum VO2 measurement, and to determine your aerobic fitness percentile. Based on your time and the chart corresponding to your age on page ninety-three of the ACSM guidelines book, your VO2 maximum would be about nineteen and a half milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute of oxygen [1]. This is the

VO2 max is the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilised by the body during exercise (Bassett and Howley, 2000). It is how CV fitness is measured. Studies show that for sedentary older adults undertaking aerobic training, VO2 has a net increase of 3.78+/-0.28 mL.kg-1.min-1. This is a long term effect, and the best results come after over 20 weeks of aerobic training. (Huang et al., 2004).

In T2DM, the oxygen delivery is compromised by a limited cardiac output response [8] and they show reduced cerebral perfusion and oxygenation during incremental exercise compared with health people [9]. Systemic and cerebral vasculatures are affected due limitations in microcirculatory blood flow and impaired vasodilatory capacity [8]. In addition, impairments in regulation of the skeletal muscle vasculature have been reported both at rest and at exercise associated with exaggerated sympathetic vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction and attenuated metabolic vasodilatation in elderly [10-12] and T2DM

Gymnastics is one of the most demanding and dangerous collegiate sports. Marina and Rodriguez (2014) investigated the physiological demands of women’s competitive gymnastics routines. Post-exercise heart rate, oxygen uptake, and peak blood lactate concentration were studied from eight elite female gymnasts. The gymnasts reached their highest heart rates (183-199 beats/minute), their highest oxygen uptake (33-44 mL/kg), and their highest blood lactate levels (7-9 mmol) following the floor and the uneven bars. The mean oxygen uptake levels of the gymnasts for all four events ranged from 65 to 85% of their individually recorded VO2 maximums and their maximum heart rates. Gymnasts work at very high physical levels during practice and competition.

This is due to the heart rate of the participants increasing as the intensity increased. The heart rate has a direct correlation to cardiac output which is measured by multiplying heart rate and stroke volume. The Fick equation is depicted as VO2 = Q x a-VO2diff, where Q is the stroke volume. The a-VO2 difference is the difference in oxygen concentration in the arteries and veins just outside the tissue (muscle). The greater the difference, the more oxygen the muscle excreted from the blood, and thus a higher VO2 will be recorded. This difference is influenced by many factors such as mitochondria, capillary beds, and myoglobin. Mitochondria increase in both number and size with endurance training, which would allow for more oxygen usage. Endurance training also increases the number of capillary beds near trained muscles which would allow for more blood to flow over a shorter distance, which would potentially increase the amount of oxygen consumed. Also, myoglobin transports oxygen from the muscle to the mitochondria for energy, and training increases the myoglobin count in an individual. Finally, it is noted that gender does play a role in VO2 max for the participants as depicted by the values for norms. Males are expected to have a higher VO2 max than females and this is confirmed with the results of this study. The subjects in this experiment both scored in the good VO2 max score for their age

When measuring VO2max there are two versions that can be used, absolute and relative. Absolute VO2max is measured in L.min-1 and is the measurement used when looking at fitness levels in association to an individual’s body size. Relative VO2max – ml.kg-1.min-1 – describes VO2max when body mass (weight not size) is accounted for by taking the absolute value and dividing it by the individuals’ weight. This method is used when comparing the fitness levels of individuals as, typically, the bigger the individual the larger the heart, lungs and muscle mass are, which contributes to them having a higher VO2max.

Courtney is 26 years old and her height is 67.5 in (181 cm). Her body mass is 148.2 pounds (67.4 kg). The relative VO2max value is measured in milliliters (ml) of oxygen per kilogram (kg) of the body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). Her relative VO2max value is 39.8 ml/kg/min. The absolute VO2max is measure in liters (L) of oxygen per minute (L/min). Her absolute VO2max is 2.68 L/min. VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake) is defined as the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during a stated period of frequently intense exercise.

To test the capacity of a person’s lungs is to use the Functional Residual Capacity method, this measures the amount of air in the lungs after a normal breath. This will be taken before the aerobic exercise is taken place. To measure their lung capacity after the 5 minutes of exercise, their breathing is slightly more forceful and that must be taken into account therefore measuring the Expiratory Reserve Volume which is measuring an exhale that is slightly forceful after exercising. These measurement will be compared in a table along with other data containing height, athletes and non-athletes. One of the ways their capacity is being measured is by using a spirometer although it takes a forced breath to calculate its capacity. Another method

The study involved eight adult males who were at a mean age of 28 years old, and had endurance swimming experience. RRMT took place in a hyperbaric chamber, as well as the pre- and post-RRMT measurements were situated in both dry and submersed conditions at 1 ATA, 2.7 ATA and 4.6 ATA. These atmosphere pressures mimicked the possible depths swimmers compete at. Although, the 4.6 ATA is a bit of an extreme depth, the study wanted to see whether there was a significant differences between atmosphere pressures. Several variables were tested pre- and post-RRMT to determine whether the training provided metabolic and economic improvement. These variables included inspiratory and expiratory alveolar pressures (PAI and PAE), VO2, minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory and expiratory work of breathing (WI and WE), inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance (RawI and RawE), and respiratory muscle efficiency as a whole. Testing of these such variables were measured through the use of a cycle ergometer in the hyperbaric chamber. Along with the cycle ergometer, the participants were fitted with a thin balloon-tipped catheter, which was connected to a large pressure chamber, this was used to monitor the pre- and post-RRMT variables listed above (Held and Pendergast 2014). During the dry conditions, the individual pedals approximately 60 rpm, and workload incrementally increased from 50 W until they have reached they unable to continue (Held and