Yield Line Theory Is A Productive Method For Deciding The Breakdown Heap Of Strengthened Concrete Slabs

Concrete cognitive operations as outlined by Jean Piaget are typically children who are between the ages 8-11 years. Cognitive skills of this group are able to perform inductive reasoning. In addition, objects or events need to be experienced. Some major schemas proposed by Piaget are class inclusion, such as all birds have wings. Another schema is serial ordering, as babies need very small shoes, and children need shoes that bigger than babies, and adults need the biggest shoes of all. The most popular schema referenced on the internet was conservation, which I think is explained best by this one-minute video.

Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement, water, sand, and coarse aggregate) but also, to a great extent, by the relative proportions of these ingredients. The proportions must be so selected as to produce a concrete mixture of desired workability, strength, durability, and economy.

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a stiff mixture of aggregates, cementitious materials, and water with zero slump. RCC is consolidated or compacted in the fresh state by use of a roller with or without vibration. RCC typically is placed with asphalt paving equipment in thicknesses of 4 to 8 inches for pavement application. RCC has gained the attention of the paving industry in recent years and is becoming more popular day by day because of its low cost, rapid construction, and durable performance. The energy required to compact RCC mixtures to their maximum densities is much greater than for concrete of measurable slump. The largest difference between RCC mixtures and conventional concrete mixtures is that RCC has a higher percentage of fine

Slopes either occur naturally or are engineered by humans. Slope stability problems have been faced throughout history when human or nature has disrupted the delicate balance of natural soil slopes. Furthermore, the increasing demand for engineered cut and fill slopes on construction projects has only increased the need to understand analytical methods, investigative tools, and stabilization methods to solve slope stability problems. Slope stabilization methods involve specialty construction techniques that must be understood and modelled in realistic ways.

With the laboratory results, I analysed the wall by considering the Rankine’s Earth Pressure theory for different failure conditions like Failure by Sliding, Failure by Overturning, Failure of soil due to excessive pressure at toe or tension in the heel and Bending failure of stem or base.

Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. Korea Concrete Institute,

In the area of prediction of the reshaped profile of slopes, Popov (1960) [13] investigated the stable slopes in coastal area by means of physical modeling. The stability of reshaped profile in rubble mound breakwaters with rock or concrete cube armors was studied by Priest et al. (1964) [14]. Van der Meer (1992) released the first version of his computer software, named "BREAKWAT [15]", in order to predict the reshaped profile in berm breakwaters. According to the studies performed by Lykke Anderson (2006), Van der Meer (1992) method predicts the reshaped profile of dynamically stable berm breakwaters (H0T0>70) with acceptable accuracy. But for statically stable berm breakwaters (H0T0>70) "BREAKWAT" software predicts overestimated damage

Post tension concrete is an advanced technique in the construction industry. It promotes higher loading concentrations, longer spans, thinner slabs, lighter structures and rapid constructions. The seventh sense apartment project in Colombo 7 is one of the first ongoing post tension constructions in Sri Lanka at the moment. I wish to observe this technique and intend to identify the setbacks in the system to check the suitability of such a technology in this environment. Currently they are constructing a transfer plate slab which is said to be the first if its nature due to the complexity of the structural design.

Toughness is the property of a material to resist impact. During the construction process of pavement layers, particularly compaction by heavy rollers and also due to movement of heavy wheel loads of traffic, the road aggregates are subjected to impact or pounding action and there is possibility of some stones breaking into smaller pieces. The stone aggregates should therefore be sufficiently tough to resist fracture under impact loads. This property could differ from the resistance to crushing under slow application of compressive loads in some aggregates.

The objective of the hardened concrete test was to determine the compressive and indirect tensile strength. On the other hand, this experiment was also used to examine the effect of curing condition on strength of concrete, the influence of specimen shape on compressive strength, the effect of compaction on compressive strength and this experiment was also to examine the effect of increasing water to cement ratio on compressive and in direct tensile strengths of concrete.

elf-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowing type of concrete that is able to consolidate under its own weight. It is a high-performance concrete that has the ability to spread readily and fill the restricted sections including congested reinforcement structures without using mechanical consolidation. SCC was first conceptualized by Prof. Okamura of Japan in

Over the past quarter century, the number of both experimental and analytical studies have increased dramatically on the monotonic axial behavior of FRP-confined concrete columns, and as a result, many uniaxial stress-strain models have been generally developed; however, most of these studies have focused largely on FRP-confined circular plain (unreinforced) concrete cylinders numerous authors tested (e.g., Mirmiran and Shahawy 1997;Mirmiran et al.1998; Xiao and Wu 2000; Lam and Teng 2002,2003;Berthet et al.2005;Almusallam 2007; Benzaid et al.2008;Eid and Paultre 2007,2008;Teng et al. 2009;Smith et al. 2010;Cui et al.2010). Relatively few of which have included small or medium scale noncircular unreinforced specimens

There is a strong correlation between the compressive strength and other mechanical properties of concrete (Neville, 1996, Mehta and Monterio, 2005). Compressive strength is used as an index of flexural strength, tensile strength and shear strength of concrete. The flexure strength or modulus of rupture of normal concrete is approximately 7.5 to 10 times the square root of the compressive strength. Similarly, the tensile strength is about 8 to 12% of the compressive strength and is often estimated as 5 to 7.5 times the square root of the compressive strength. The shear strength of concrete is about 20% of the compressive strength (PCA, 1988). These correlations between compressive strength and flexure, tensile and shear strength varies with concrete ingredients and environment.

Concrete has no opinion about its shape; a gloppy material, it will take any shape give it, as long as it’s given time to cure. Traditionally, concrete is cast using rigid panels like plywood. Although reinforce concrete become the standard in the last decades, few of its potentialities have been fully exploited. “Apart from the unconquerable inertia of our minds, which do not seem to be able to adopt freely new ideas, the main cause of this delay is a trivial technicality: the need to prepare wooden forms” (Nervi, 1956, p. 95). Most industrial material are produced through single axis mills. This produced uniform surface. The obvious exceptions are cast materials such as concrete. But if concrete is cast into molds made of rigid, flat material produced by milling, the result will likely be flat and straight forms. Fabric formwork is a building technique that uses structural membranes as the main material for concrete molds. Unlike traditional formwork, fabric formwork is highly flexible and can deflect under the pressure of concrete. The results are variety of shapes that are not normally associated with concrete. As buildings become more complex, there is an increasing demand for molding creative and organic forms. Concrete, theoretically, is the perfect material to make a variety of shape. Fresh concrete can be shaped in different types of formwork. “The visual appearance and effect of fabric-formed concrete is strikingly different from that of conventional concrete

Lightweight concrete mixes can be designed to have strengths that comparable to those of normal weight concrete (NWC), as shown in table (2.2). As the strength of lightweight concrete increases, there is a structural purpose to use material which can lessen the dead load of concrete structures and increase span lengths. (Martinez, 1984)