ovarian cancer Essay

Cancer is a multi-step disease that can originate from any cell type, but the majority of human cancers are epithelia-derived carcinomas (Yang and Weinberg 2008). The first step in

Janet presented with uterine fibroids, otherwise referred to as leiomyomas. These tumours are composed of muscular tissue and are found within the uterus. Research has found no direct cause of leiomyomas however, it is known that the development and growth are dependent on ovarian hormones (Brown, Edwards, Seaton, & Buckley, 2015). Levels of these hormones vary throughout a woman’s life depending on her age and genetic predisposition; risk of developing leiomyomas is lowest in prepubescent and post-menopausal women and highest during pregnancy (Tinelli & Malvasi, 2014). An increase in hormone production causes these fibroids to grow rapidly.

A. The average age for breast cancer is over 50 and the average age for ovarian cancer is 65 or older.

d. Women are more likely to develop this disease as well. The average age is 60 and up.

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), also known as Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common ailment affecting 5% to 10% of females in the age group 12–45 years. It is an issue in which a lady’s hormones are out of balance. It can cause complications with menstrual periods and make it problematic for her to conceive. The main features include no ovulation, irregular periods, acne and hirsuitism. If not treated, it can cause insulin resistant diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol levels, leading to heart ailment.

Epithelial tumors about ninety percent of ovarian cancer develop in the epithelium, which is the thin sheet of tissue that protects the ovaries. This form of ovarian cancer generally occurs in postmenopausal women. Germ cell carcinoma, making up about five percent of ovarian cancer causes, begins in the cells that form eggs. Germ cell carcinoma can transpire in any woman; however, it tends to be found in women who are just entering adulthood. There are several different varieties of germ cell carcinoma that exist, but the three most familiar types are teratomas, dysgerminomas and endodermal sinus tumors. Most of the tumors that surface in the germ cells are not cancerous. However, stromal carcinoma tumors ovarian stromal carcinoma are malignant, accounting for about five percent of ovarian cancer cases. These tumors emerge in the connective tissue cells that connect the ovaries together and those that produce female hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. The two most common types of tumors are granulosa cell tumors and sertoli leydig cell tumors. In contrast to epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 70 percent of stromal carcinoma cases are detected when they are in the beginning stage. Small cell carcinoma of the ovaries is a rare, distinctly c tumor that affects primarily young women whom have an average age of 24 years old. The subtypes of small cell carcinoma of the ovaries includes pulmonary, neuro-endocrine and hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma of the ovaries accounts for 0.1 percent of ovarian cancer instances. Approximately two thirds of patients with small cell carcinoma ovaries have hypercalcemia which is when there is an abundant amount of calcium in the blood. (``Types of Ovarian Cancer``,

Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries and is listed as the fifth cause of death in women. Ovaries are the reproductive glands of only females and the main source of a female’s estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries are made up of 3 kinds of cells, which can also develop different types of tumors. Epithelial tumors start from the cell that covers the outer surface of the ovaries. Germ cell tumors start from the cells that produce the eggs. Stromal tumors start from the structural tissues that hold the ovary together and produce the female hormones (1).

About 12,820 new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed in America every year (5). This is out of the 1,685,210 people diagnosed with cancer every year. About 39.6% of the US population will contract cancer in their lifetime (10). With so many people affected by cancer, it is beneficial to understand how cancer works. However, cancer is a very complex disease that scientists are still trying to understand themselves. Moreover, cancer can be a very frightening disease because of its difficulty to treat, and its lethality. Understanding the pathology and history of cancer can be beneficial to help understand the inevitable cancer diagnosis of yourself or a loved one.

Cancer in the ovaries spreads quickly to other parts of the body and “is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with an alarmingly poor prognosis attributed to late detection and chemoresistance (Brachova).” The ovaries are composed of three different types of tissue: epithelia, germ, and stromal, with tumors being named for the kinds of cells the tumor started from and whether the tumor is benign or cancerous. The American Cancer Society’s estimates for ovarian cancer in the United States in 2014 are about 21,980 new cases and about 14,270 deaths. A woman’s risk of getting invasive ovarian cancer in her lifetime is about 1 in 72 and about half of the women diagnosed with ovarian cancer are 63 years or older (American Cancer Society).

I am writing about Ovarian Cancer it is a terrible disease that can be extremely deadly. It is a disease in which your cells start to become abnormal and grow out of control and uncontrollably. Ninety percent of all ovarian cancer develops in the cells that line the ovaries and are called epithelial cell tumors.

It is estimated that 79 million Americans are currently infected with a strand of Human Papilloma virus (HPV), and that 14 million Americans become infected annually (CDC HPV Questions and Answers, 2016). HPV was discovered in 1979 when HPV-16 and HPV-18 were found to be linked to cervical cancer (Hausen, n.d.). Every year 27 million Americans get cancer from HPV (CDC What Is HPV, 2016). Cancers associated with HPV whose rates were larger than the mean U.S. rate (11.7 per 100,000) were located in the Southern United States(CDC MMWR, 2016).

This paper will explain what every woman, teenager, and parent who has female daughter’s needs to know about endometrial cancer. It is important for women to educate themselves about this common disease, but it is also important for parents. If you have abnormal vaginal bleeding that is not related to menses, there is a clear vaginal discharge, you have long and / or heavy bleeding after the age of 40, difficult or painful urination, pain in the pelvic area, or if you feel any kind of pain after intercourse, that it is

Cervical cancer is a tumor of the cervix. The cervix is the part of the womb, which projects into the vagina. It measures less than one inch across and about one and a half inches in length. It is a block of a special type of muscle covered by a thin layer of surface cells. Cancer of the cervix develops in these surface cells, which first start to grow in an abnormal way (precancerous cells).

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

Cervical cancer malignant cancer of the cervix uteris or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts using the Pap smear. About 2.2 percent of women carry one of the 2 virus strains most likely to lead to cervical cancer. One of the symptoms of Cervical Cancer is very Unusual amount of discharge.