wage differentials essay

With the UK being part of the European Union there is free movement of labour and capital throughout Europe; and because England has substantially better living conditions than some of the countries in Eastern Europe many migrants have come to England in search of jobs. This could provide large benefits to firms in the UK because these workers do not demand the same amount of money as the equivalent UK worker (because they have been brought up with less money and value it more so than UK residents) while also having a better work ethics, on average, than UK residents. The migrants are also more likely to take the jobs that UK workers view as “beneath them”, such as strawberry picking. This leads to huge reductions in costs to the firms working in these industries who can benefit from this cheap labour, having large reductions to the cost of production. Also the increase in the supply of employees means that potentially the average wage rate could reduce, with a larger amount of people vying for the same job the firms can get away with paying less. This coupled with the fact that the UK is currently in a recession, with large unemployment throughout the world, means that the firms have huge amounts of people to choose from when employing people. The increased amount of migrants in the UK economy also provides a new market for firms, with the migrants wanting national delicacies to eat. This has resulted in large amounts of eastern European

It has been said that Immigration damage the economy. This is not true because foreigners help American economy to prosper. Immigration increases purchasing, and increases demand for labor. Immigration not only takes jobs, but also creates them. For instance, a man comes to America from Italy; this man opens a small Italian restaurant, this restaurant becomes prosper during the years. Five years later, this Italian man owns two more restaurants and employs twenty Americans. Similar stories, which help our economy, have happened from the beginning of the immigration times.

According to statistics, there are disparities with pay in the workplace. Men are paid more in wages, comprehensive packages, and benefits than women who performed the same job responsibilities and roles in the workplace. The big question is why are women being unvalued? Since, this is a common practice in the workplace, is this fair to both genders and is this the most favorable outcome for the greatest number affected by this business practice? The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to eliminate this type of discrimination based on sex with paying wages to employees, in such establishment at a rate less than the rate at which pays, wages to employees of the opposite sex for equal work on jobs the performance of which requires equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and which are performed under similar working conditions.

The argument also states that because we turned away anyone over our visa quota for the year in which the study was taken, our society was deprived of that potential for growth (471). Their argument for unskilled immigrants is that if they want to come and work, then they have an American mindset and should be included (471).

Immigrants going back to their native country would also benefit me in my native country as there would be a reduced population in the country and an increase in labor market to fill the gap left behind by the foreigners. Therefore, when there is an increase in the flow of immigration in the country there would be higher incomes for other productive factors which are in complement with the immigrants but also it will lead to lower income to other factors that create competition with the immigrants.

There is question on whether or not the immigrants will help or hurt the economy. Some say immigrants will take jobs from Americans and damper U.S. tax rolls because they aren’t as skilled or educated. The fact is immigrants actually increase “overall wages and the pool of jobs” and add to the U.S. revenue (Dwoskin). In 2006 there was a suspected “21 million immigrants, about 15 percent of the labor force, [that] h[e]ld jobs in the U.S.” However, the U.S. only had about seven million unemployed. “So the majority of immigrants can't literally have "taken" jobs; they must be doing jobs that wouldn't have existed had the immigrants not been here,” (Lowenstein). Roger Lowenstein also presents a valid and insightful point in stating that immigrants who take these jobs that “wouldn’t have existed”, relative prices could be lowered in a similar way that global trade does.

In the 21st Century the number of women enrolling in higher education institutions is surpassing the numbers of men enrolled. The graduation rates of women from high school and higher education are most often higher than for men. The number of women graduates from most professional occupations, including higher paying medicine, law and business, will exceed the number of men graduates in the near future. In numerous occupational areas with a majority of women graduates, salaries already surpass salaries in occupational areas with a majority of men graduates.

According to the article a study conducted by The Precarity Penalty confirms that workers who have the most insecure jobs and employment are a major feature of the labour market. The level of precarity and insecure jobs is 44% of working adults. These workers are aged 25-65 working in jobs that are unstable. Temporary, contract work and self employment is part of the percentage of workers in the most

The Article Immigration Policy: Should the U.S. government take stricter measures to limit illegal immigration (February 9, 2017), focuses on whether the U.S. should adopt stricter measures for illegal immigration. Supporters believe that illegal immigrants pose a threat to national security. Undocumented immigrants are not in the system, so their criminal records are inaccessible. Additionally, supporters believe that immigrants take the jobs of Americans. Companies tend to give immigrants jobs because they will work for cheap wages. However, the opponents of the law believe stricter measures for illegal immigrants shouldn’t be done because most of the country's technological breakthroughs are due to immigrants. Opponents believe that immigrants help the economy because they take the jobs that not many workers take, such as farming or physical work. Immigration policy argument will continue until there is common ground established between everyone whether to there should be stricter measures or another way for them to become documented.

The industry that was intriguing to me, and where I decided to focus my research on is the travel and cruise ship industry. The cruise industry is associated with the travel and leisure industry. In the last few years the cruise industry has grown steam, and has become a great way for vacationers to travel. Spending grew over the years from 9.4 billion to 14.7 billion starting in 2000 continuing today. The cruise industry has been able to provide countless jobs to many different people during the last few years due to its growth.

* Migration – greater availability of skilled foreigners, however the UK is cutting more jobs for non-EU workers who would be cheaper. [16]

Despite the fact that the Equal Pay Act has been law since 1963, many problems inevitably arise in the administration of equal pay laws (Fisher). It has been estimated that at this current slow rate of progression in closing the gender pay gap it will be 2068 by the time men and women’s wages are equalized. It is clear that the business case, as well as the legislative case, has a significant role to play (Commission Policy Report).

Hendery, J (2013) Attracting & Retaining Tourism Talent: Changing Demographics Impact Labour Supply and Demand. Pp. n.d. Data retrieved from http://attraction.ttracanada.ca/attracting-retaining-tourism-talent-changing-demographics-impact-labour-supply-and-demand/#.UnURw1dg-Pq

The 3rd most largest sector of workforce size is in hospitality, leisure, travel and tourism.In UK theres lots of unemployed people which the UK government social mobility stategy, guide and sopprt them to benifits into higher skilled and managment roles.there are 106,300 people to replace both those who are leaving and to fill a new job.

Migration has taken place in a number of countries which had opportunities in the labour ‎market. However, due to this migration, the prominent labour markets such as that of the UK ‎have been overcrowded which has resulted in the reduction of wages. The impact of immigration ‎on the labour market is rather a challenging task which is dependent on a number of factors. ‎Some of the important factors are the characteristics of the migrants including skill level, family ‎composition, age distribution, health status, temporary or permanent immigration, and fertility ‎patterns. From these characteristics, the skill level is one of the main factors which determine the ‎impact on the labour markets. Immigrants that are highly skilled tend to work in highly paid jobs ‎and thus eligible of paying more taxes than those migrants who have low wages and are low ‎skilled (Din, 2012, p. 19).