. Write a balanced equation for the complete oxidation of each of the following, and calculate the respiratory quotient for each substance. (a) Ethanol (b) Acetic acid (c) Stearic acid (d) Oleic acid (e) Linoleic acid
Q: (b) What is the ratio of fumarate to malate under cellular conditions at 37°C? Is this reaction…
A: The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is one of the mechanisms for the energy supply for cells…
Q: Explain why β oxidation cannot proceed backward to produce triacylglycerols.
A: Beta oxidation is a metabolic process involving multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules are…
Q: Define an oxidation/reduction (redox) reaction. Why are redox reactions important in cellular…
A: An oxidation/ reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of…
Q: Please balance the reaction below. Considering the pe0 of Pb2+/Pb0 and O2/H2O are -2.13 and 14.5,…
A: Pb0/Pb2+ will occur at anode as this is oxidation reaction as Pb gets oxidized O2/H2O will pccur at…
Q: By what mechanisms is ethanol eliminated from the blood? Discuss the chemistry of these processes…
A: Glucose is catabolized to form pyruvate. Pyruvate can be converted to form lactate. Sometimes…
Q: Hexadecane (C16H34) is metabolized through the following microbial reactions: C16H34 + aO2 + ÞNH3 -…
A: INTEODUCTION Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between…
Q: Using the symbols X-H2 and Y, draw a coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. Designate the molecule…
A: An increase in the rate of a reaction without changing itself and the final product, Catalyst is…
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase is given below. Malate + NAD+ ⇌ Oxaloacetate +…
Q: Show how the following fatty acid is oxidized: CH, CH,CH,CH,CH– CH,-C-OH Indicate at which points…
A: Fatty acids act as building block for fats in our body and they are also found in the foods we eat.…
Q: What molecular products indicate the complete oxidation of glucoseduring cellular respiration?
A: Animals like humans are not able to drive photosynthesis to obtain energy and thus they need to…
Q: (a) Explain why fluorescence spectroscopy gives a more accurate determination of vitamin B1 than…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question/part 1 for you. If you…
Q: Consider the complete oxidation os a 16-C fatty acid. Answer the questions that follow. Use…
A: Beta-oxidation is the process in which the beta-carbon atom of the fatty acid gets oxidized. It…
Q: Compare and contrast the last three steps of the TCA with the first three steps of β-oxidation.…
A: Beta oxidation occur in four steps which include dehydrogenation, hydration, oxidation and…
Q: Freshly prepared mitochondria were incubated with β-hydroxybutyrate, oxidized cytochrome c, ADP, Pi,…
A: Beta-hydroxybutyrate is a chemical used as energy by certain cells of the body during low sugar…
Q: For each of the central pathway intermediates given below, calculate how many ATP equivalents can be…
A: All of the given molecules will be converted to carbon dioxide only in the presence of oxygen. Given…
Q: write a balanced equation for the overall reaction catalyzed by each of the three enzymes in the…
A: The pyruvate dehyrdrogenase complex is complex of 3 enzymes that plays a role in the metabolsim by…
Q: Which of these statements concerning this reaction is true? acetaldehyde + NADH ↔ ethanol + NAD+…
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which an organism produce energy in the form of ATP. This ATP…
Q: Explain what an oxidation–reduction reaction is and why the breakdown ofglucose in the presence of…
A: A chemical reaction is a process where two or more substances react together to form new or…
Q: Show the carbon atom that changes oxidation state during the reaction catalyzed by…
A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis in…
Q: Predict which one of the five steps of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex reaction is…
A: Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a highly regulated enzyme, which could determine the metabolic…
Q: Referring to for E′0 values, calculate ΔG°′ for oxidation of malate by malate dehydrogenase.
A: Standard free energy change of reaction symbolized as ΔG°′ is a thermodynamic measure used to denote…
Q: Calculate the RQ resulting from the catabolism of (a) acetic acid and (b) glycerol trioleate. Be…
A:
Q: B. Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyses each of the following reactions Decarboxylation of…
A: Enzymes are broadly categorized into 6 groups. They are; Oxidoreductases Transferases Hydrolases…
Q: Oxygen is not a reactant in the β oxidation of fatty acids. Can β oxidation occur under anaerobic…
A: Beta-oxidation is the metabolic process which involves multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules…
Q: Consider the oxidation of this compound: C3H5O3(OC4H7)3 + 18.5O2 → 15CO2 + 13H2O + 1, 941 kcal. a)…
A: Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are biomolecules that an individual obtains from food. Cellular…
Q: Linking a molecule of acetate to CoA is an example of what type of common biochemical reaction? ATP…
A: Acetyl CoA participates in the reactions of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The main function…
Q: Given the following information, calculate the physiological ΔG of the isocitrate dehydrogenase…
A: Gibbs free energy or Free energy is a potential of thermodynamics that helps in calculating…
Q: The conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate is an example of oxidative deamination. Give the…
A: Glutamate has a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism too. It is involved in the…
Q: a With which of the possible fates of pyruvate – acetyl CoA, lactate, and ethanol – is each of the…
A: Respiration is the process by which glucose is breakdown into pyruvate. This pyruvate convert into…
Q: A. What would be the effect of barbiturate abuse on oxidative phosphorylation ? B. What is the…
A: Answer1) Barbiturates impair the electron transport chain (ETC) by direct;y inhibiting electron…
Q: III. Match the item to each step in the Krebs Cycle. f. oxaloacetate g. sulfur h. aketoglutarate i.…
A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Oxidation-reduction reactions can involve a wide variety of molecules. Why are those involving…
A: An oxidation-reduction reaction is basically the chemical reaction that results in, obtaining or…
Q: a With which of the possible fates of pyruvate – acetyl CoA, lactate, and ethanol – is each of the…
A: Note : Hi ! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time. Since…
Q: Given the following information on reduction potentials, calculate the standard free energy in…
A: Gibbs's free energy calculation helps to calculate chemical energy when a bond break or form in a…
Q: Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in…
A: Beta oxidation is a process where the fatty acids are metabolized to make energy. It is a catabolic…
Q: Write balanced equations for the three known reactions that transfer an amino group to a substrate…
A: Amino group : It are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone…
Q: A1 Calculate the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of oleate.
A: Oleate or Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid with the number of the carbon atoms equal to…
Q: What are the products of β-oxidation?
A: β-oxidation: It is the long-chain fatty acid degradation process to produce energy. Long fatty…
Q: In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0) How many moles of FADH2 are produced? How many…
A: Respiratory chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron…
Q: Using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, determine how many ATP can be produced from one mole of each…
A: The glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) shuttle is a major pathway that delivers cytosolic reducing…
Q: Consider the following equilibrium at 298 K. R=8.314 J/K-mol Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + H2O…
A: The system releases energy as heat or work. The heat energy may be utilized in performing work or…
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: Malate dehydrogenase is citric acid cycle enzyme (metabolism) catalyzes the oxidation of malate into…
Q: Describe the two phases of the the HMP shunt. Enumerate the reactions in each phase and the…
A: The HMP shunt or hexose monophosphate shunt or pentose phosphate pathway is used for the synthesis…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Write a balanced equation for the complete metabolic oxidation of each of the following. Include O2, ADP, and Pi as reactants and ATP, CO2, and H2O as products. (a) Stearic acid (b) Oleic acid (c) Palmitic acid (d) Linoleic acidWhy does biological Fe2+ oxidation under oxic conditions occurmainly at acidic pH?Given the following information, calculate the physiological ΔG of the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction at 25°C and pH 7.0: [NAD+]/[NADH] = 8, [α-ketoglutarate] = 0.1 mM, and [isocitrate] = 0.02 mM. Assume standard conditions for CO2 (ΔG°′ is given in Table). Is this reaction a likely site for metabolic control?
- The first three steps of β oxidation (Fig.) chemically resemble three successive steps of the citric acid cycle. Which steps are these?In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0) How many moles of FADH2 are produced? How many moles of ATP are produced after all NADH are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? How many moles of ATP are produced after all FADH2 are reoxidized in the respiratorychain? How many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of stearic acid?A1 Calculate the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of oleate.
- By what mechanisms is ethanol eliminated from the blood? Discuss the chemistry of these processes (oxidation/reduction, gas solubility, etc.) in detail, as well as the toxicity consequences.Consider the oxidation of this compound:C3H5O3(OC4H7)3 + 18.5O2 → 15CO2 + 13H2O + 1, 941 kcal.a) Find the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorific equivalent, and energy release if theO2 is 2 liters/min. Are these values representative of fat? Why or why not? b) If the activity involves running for 45 minutes, how much kcal is expended?What are the products of β-oxidation?