[0] OH

Q: Suppose that you wanted to determine the metabolic half-life of glutamine synthetase in HeLa cells (...

A: HeLa cells: It is an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commo...

Q: Calculate the contour length for the gene in 50-kD protein if it assumed an A-DNA conformation.

A: Introduction- The bending of DNA plays an important role in a eukaryotic organism, which helps in ge...

Q: . Analysis of p53 gene mutations in human tumors shows that a large proportion of these mutations in...

A: Deamination is a removal of amino group from a molecule. In humans deamination occurs in the organ l...

Q: After running 1.5 kilometers, you stop and breathe heavily for a short period due to oxygen debt. Wh...

A: Breathing heavily to breathe more air.

Q: Question attached

A: Cyanide : It is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist in various forms. Cyani...

Q: What noncovalent interactions (covered in Section 8.2) hold lipid molecules together? Are these forc...

A: Lipids are organic compounds that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, which forms the framework fo...

Q: Select all that apply. The nylon synthesis reaction performed in this lab is actually occurring: in ...

A: Nylon is a polymer synthesized through polymerization reaction.

Q: Initial rate data for an enzyme that obeys Michaelis–Menten kinetics areshown in the following table...

A: Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule "enzyme" which de...

Q: 3. a) List the three steps of aerobic respiration in which a cell takes a molecule of glucose and pr...

A: a) Respiration is the catabolic process where the breakdown of glucose takes place which results in ...

Q: Assume a neuron is at rest and the following changes happen: Step 1: Neurotransmitter binds to an io...

A: Neurotransmitters are compounds secreted from neurons at the synapse. The neurotransmitters can cros...

Q: Explain the effects of the following changes on reactant and product  concentrations:

A: A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical su...

Q: How do plasma proteins in blood capillaries affect lymph formation?

A: The direction of blood flow is in the direction of the decreasing pressure gradient. Blood flow patt...

Q: Orotic aciduria is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme UMP synthase ...

A: Orotic aciduria is a hereditary disease. It is an autosomal recessive disorder. It decreases the abi...

Q: Proteins are usually least soluble in water at their isoelectric points. Explain.

A: Proteins are composed of monomers, amino acids. All the amino acids have a similar backbone containi...

Q: Create a mnemonics for Krebs cycle substrates .

A: The energy for the body is derived from the metabolism of molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, pro...

Q: Define the following terms: a. histone b. heterochromatin c. spermine d. intergenic sequences e. tan...

A: DNA is packaged into the cell nucleus after packaging into nucleosomes. The DNA contains regions of ...

Q: The cells that line the mammalian intestine produce glycoproteins with O-linked oligosaccharides. So...

A: Oligosaccharides : It is a saccharide polymer containing a  small number of monosaccharides. It can ...

Q: Huntington’s disease is an inherited neurological ailment with a variable age of onset. A protein ca...

A: Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. The repetition of a CAG trinucleotide causes i...

Q: How does an enzyme attain catalytic perfection?

A: Enzymes are biomolecules which catalyzes the reactions without altering its equilibrium. It helps th...

Q: In what part of the digestive tract does the digestion of proteins begin?

A: The digestive system consisting of the digestive tract and accessory organs are important for proces...

Q: Compare the structures of bio-based PEF and fossil-based PET. How do the structure of the ring in PE...

A: Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) or poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), is an aromatic polyester poly...

Q: The following data describe an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Plot these results using the Lineweaver-Bu...

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyze a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. An ...

Q: List the seven metabolites that represent the end products of amino acid catabolism. Which are gluco...

A: Every amino acid has an amino group and a carboxyl group. Both groups are at two different ends. Pro...

Q: Tay–Sachs disease is a devastating genetic neurological disorder caused by the lack of an enzyme tha...

A:   Tay-Sachs disease is a rare, inherited genetic disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord cel...

Q: Explain the selective advantages of compartmentation and metabolic pathways.

A: In eukaryotes, cell compartmentalization is the way by which organelles present in eukaryotic cells ...

Q: How many tritium atoms (H) are incorporated into palmitate when fatty acid synthesis is carried out ...

A: Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. I...

Q: Statin drugs are used to treat hypercholesterolemia because they a. prevent cholesterol from inserti...

A: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition during which blood has a high level of cholesterol. This is cons...

Q: How is Kw defined, and what is its numerical value at 25 °C (298 K)?

A: As we know that the pure water is a considered as weak electrolyte that is  H2O ⇔H++ OH-  

Q: Describe the production of yoghourt

A: Yogurt obtained from whole milk consists of 81% water, 9% protein, 5% fat, and 4% carbohydrates, alo...

Q: What are the criteria for determining if a substance is a living organism?

A: Biology is the branch of natural science that deals with the study of life or living matter includin...

Q: How does regulation of glycogen metabolism differ between liver and muscle?

A: Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in ani...

Q: Draw a Lewis structure for hydroxylamine, NH2OH.

A: Lewis structure is also known as Lewis dot structure, which represents lines for the bonding between...

Q: Define about Electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids ?

A: All organisms are made up of cells which are the basic forms of life. The cell contain various macro...

Q: Using Fischer Projections draw D-Glucose and D-Galactose.

A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones which are associated with reducing property . Mos...

Q: Which of the following has 3 or more carbons and the equivalent of one water molecule per carbon? ...

A: Biomolecules are molecules that are produced inside living organisms—the major classes of biomolecul...

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantifi ed.

A: Antigen-antibody reaction is a chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the wh...

Q: Give the name of two Molecules of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate:

A: Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in both the mevalonate and non-mevalonate pathways which i...

Q: Calculate the number of ATPs generated by the complete metabolic oxidation of tripalmitin (tripalmit...

A: ATP is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cel...

Q: During the resolution of the two Holliday junctions, how many strands of DNA in total are broken dur...

A: The Holliday junction is a branched cross-shaped nucleic acid structure. It is usually formed during...

Q: Supercoiled DNA is more compact than relaxed DNA of the same molecular weight, which gives supercoil...

A: DNA supercoiling refers to the over or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the st...

Q: How does the ATP cycle resemble arechargeable battery?

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered as the energy currency of the cell and provides the energ...

Q: When pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mito- chondria along with ADP, P,, ant...

A: Cytochrome c is a hemeprotein and is a vital component of electron transport chain. The transfer of ...

Q: How does darker color affect dissolved oxygen through the process of photosynthesis?

A: Dissolved oxygen is the free oxygen present in the water or other liquids, it helps in accessing wat...

Q: In the pyrimidine degradative pathway, all pyrimidines undergo conversion to uracil, which undergoes...

A: Pyrimidines are one of the two classes of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases found in the nucleic acids ...

Q: A major ingredient in peanut butter cup candy is soy lecithin. Draw the structure of lecithin.

A: Lecithins are the fatty acid molecules that are amphiphilic in nature i.e. both hydrophilic and amph...

Q: . In the protein adenylate kinase, the C-terminal region is a-helical, with the sequence Val-Asp-Asp...

A: Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass. It is commonly found in animal...

Q: How does the statement “the whole is more than the sum of its parts” apply to living organisms? Give...

A: Aristotle gave the statement, “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”. It means there is so...

Q: An analysis of city drinking water for total hardness was done by two students in the laboratory and...

A: Hardness of water is defined as the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water which is ...

Q: Which of the following is not correct regarding aldosterone? a. It is produced by the adrenal cortex...

A: The adrenal cortex secretes several hormones. It is the largest part of the adrenal gland. Adrenal g...

Q: Marathon runners preparing for a race engage in “carb loading” to maximize their carbohydrate reserv...

A: Cellular respiration  It is a series of reactions through which not only the breakdown of nutrients...

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.