1 Infected bacterium Phage integration of spacer Cas protein Spacer Phage DNA Phage DNA is cut into fragments. cas genes CRISPR array 2 Surviving bacterium Transcription CRISPR RNA RNA processing 3 Immunity crRNAS Phage Cas-crRNA 区、 complex Invading viral DNA is inactivated by Cas-crRNA complex. Cas-crRNA complex FIGURE 13.11 CRISPR Defense System Agalnst Phage Infection

Q: Write TRUE or FALSE. If false, write the word/s that make(s) the statement incorrect. 1.The lac…

A: Introduction :- LacZ, LacY, and LacA are the three coding regions that make up the lac operon. The…

Q: The palm domain of poliovirus RdRP contains a GDD motif. Explain why changing D (Asp) in the GDD to…

A: Though both aspartate and glutamate amino acids are negatively charged but there is a little…

Q: Which of these statements is correct regarding the CRISPR/Cas9 system in eukaryotic cells? a.Single…

A: The game-changing CRISPR-Cas9 technology is changing the game of genome editing. The CRISPR-Cas9…

Q: EboV RNA from Guinea Pig EboV RNA from Guinea Pig GAU ACG UUC GUC AAU EboV DNA CTA TGC AAG CAG TTA…

A: Given sequence of EboV strain 1 is CTA TGC AAG CAG TTA and strian 2 is TCA TGT CAG CAA CTA.

Q: Place the stages of a CRISPR-cas9 gene editing workflow in the correct order (there is one incorrect…

A: CRISPR is a tool that is used to edit DNA (and, recently, RNA).

Q: Which form of HIV RNA, fully spliced, incompletely spiced, or unspliced, is needed during the early…

A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a positive strand enveloped RNA virus, belongs to…

Q: EboV RNA from Guinea Pig EboV RNA from Guinea Pig GAU ACG UUC GUC AAU EboV DNA CTA TGC AAG CAG TTA…

A: A missense mutation is a mistake in the DNA which results in the wrong amino acid being incorporated…

Q: What type of molecule or cell is PGLO? C Origin region Arabinose operon arac ori Ndel Promoter PAD…

A: The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when…

Q: 103 A (+)RNA v (-)RNA O dsRNA O retrovirus O SSDNA O dsDNA 104 105 10 107 10 10 104 105 100 Per-base…

A: Base mutation The genetic material of all organisms is made up of nitrogenous bases that are further…

Q: 1- which of the following can be used for treating/combating bacterial infections a. targeting…

A: Bacteria are unicellular organisms, having sizes of 0.5 micrometers to 2 micrometers. They cause…

Q: In this western blot, the levels of TBK remain constant with increasing amounts/expression of the…

A: TBK-1 gene encodes an enzyme known as TBK-1 (TANK binding kinase-1). This is a…

Q: 35.  Gene silencing by RNA interference acts by _____ of the target gene.

A: Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a type of nucleic acid that helps in the synthesis of protein. It is made…

Q: Which of the following sequences in a bacterium CRISPR locus will vary and change O a. Spacer DNA…

A: CRISPER is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria…

Q: Which of the following statements about the CRISPR-Cas9 technique is correct? 1. Catalytically…

A: CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein) is…

Q: If these two genes were very far apart on the bacterial chromosome, how would the results have been…

A: Transduction is a method through which bacteria undergo parasexual gene recombination. It is the…

Q: - How did the following in-vitro transcription assay utilizing the rrnB promoter help elucidate the…

A: Through a direct contact with the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase subunit (CTD), the UP…

Q: Directions: This is a manual simulation of COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Determine if the given results of…

A: The synthesis of m RNA is from the template strand of DNA which is complementary to the coding…

Q: What color colonies will cells that contain a recombinant plasmid form?

A: Recombinant plasmids are the vectors that carry target DNA or gene sequence to the host by the help…

Q: You are assigned to create new MRNA vaccine. You identified target protein (gene) for vaccine and…

A: An mRNA vaccine uses a type of mRNA to induce an immune response in the body example COVID vaccine…

Q: Which of the following is a correct statement about CRISPR-Cas-9 gene editing? Group of answer…

A: CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely used genome editing technology as it enables scientists to alter genes in…

Q: What if you designed a CRISPR/cas9 assay for a gene knockout, but there's no PAM sequence…

A: CRISPR is a group of DNA sequences present in the genomes of bacteria and archaea, which are…

Q: A Western blot is seen in the picture above. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel polyacrylamide gel…

A: The western blot, also known as western blotting, is a molecular biology and immunogenetics…

Q: 3 types of common coronavirus tests (RT-PCR for viral RNA with Taqman detection, lateral flow…

A: Coronavirus has spread like a wildfire and the disease caused by it has turned into a global…

Q: Circle the correct word or phrase in each bracketed region to complete a correct statement.…

A: CRISPR gene editing CRISPR is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. It is a…

Q: CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool is adapted from the _ immune systems.

A: It has been adapted from bacterial immune system. Cas9 is a tool for gene editing.

Q: You have cloned the protein coding region of the porin gene from a phage into a bacterial cell for a…

A: Generally the phage viruses don't have a transcription or replication machinery they are dependent…

Q: In Figure 5-32, what do the half-red, half-blue segmentsrepresent?

A: Biotechnology is a branch of biology that utilizes biological systems that is living organisms such…

Q: 7 You dilute your bacteriophage for plating 10. You mix 0.1 ml of the bacteriophage dilution with…

A: In microbiology, the stock solutions i.e. those solutions containing  high concentration of…

Q: EboV Strain 1 EboV Strain 1 (Circle the mutated bases)  CCA TGT AAG TGG TTA mRNA…

A: In order to synthesise messenger RNA with the help of DNA template strand  RNA polymerases adds…

Q: What is the actual biological purpose of the CRISPR/Cas9 system?

A: All biological information of an organism is stored inside the biomolecule called DNA.  Gene are the…

Q: make a mutation to disable the ACE2 gene (this gene encodes the protein that SARS-CoV-2 uses to…

A: We can edit genes with the technology known as CRISPR. In prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and…

Q: 3. Predict the number of DNA fragments and their sizes if Lambda phage DNA were incubated and…

A: Restriction enzymes are one of the important tools of recombinant DNA technology. The name…

Q: With regard to the timing of conjugation, explain why the recipient cell at the top right is pro−,…

A: In Bacteria there are different methods of gene transfer,it occurs between two different chromosomes…

Q: In a P1 transduction experiment, the P1 lysate contains phages thatcarry pieces of the host…

A: Bacterial transduction is the process of transfer of genetic elements from one bacterial cell into…

Q: Which of these statements is correct regarding the CRISPR/Cas9 system in eukaryotic cells? A.Single…

A: Gene therapy has long been touted as a way to treat a wide range of human disorders and defects. The…

Q: Alu elements in the human genomes are examples of: A. SINE elements B. LINE elements C. Autonomous…

A: Answer :  Alu elements in the human genomes are examples of  A. SINE elements

Q: Does CRISPR CAS9 as a defense in bacteria only work for double stranded viral DNA? or any type of…

A: Scientists can use CRISPR to persistently edit genes in living cells and creatures and, in the…

Q: Phage T2 is estimated to consist of about 200,000 deoxyribonucleotides pairs. Give the length in…

A: A deoxyribonucleotide is a nucleotide that contains deoxyribose. The four common…

Q: Predict the replication step for the novel Miovirus. This virus was determined to have a dsRNA…

A: Introduction A virus is a small piece of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein…

Q: Decoding a DNA Message 1. CGA ACT AGA TAA CCC TTA TAG AAA TAT ACA CGC TTG TGA AAC ATA ATC CGG CTG…

A: central dogma carries the message present in DNA covert into mRNA code and finally decoded into…

Q: In this western blot, the levels of actin increase with increasing amounts/lexpression of the viral…

A: Introduction :-  Western blot is an technique , similar as that of southern( used to detect  DNA)…

Q: The following diagram describes the mRNA sequenceof part of the A gene and the beginning of the B…

A: mRNA is a transcribed by the process of transcription from the template DNA strand that codes for…

Q: Vhich of the following are required to set up a CRISPR-Cas9 experiment to fix a mutation in a gene…

A: CRISPR or Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats is a gene editing technique in…

Q: CRISPR-Cas system? CRISPRS stand for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Both…

A: Crispr is a advance technique of genome editing which is extensively used in the medical field in…

Q: Table 2. Starter plate conditions. Starter Plate Bacterial Cas9 DNA Repair System SGRNA Donor Plate…

A: Q.

Q: CRISPR/Cas9 is the 1)____________ immune system of  2)_____________ . CRISPR/Cas9 remembers…

A: CRISPR  It is small sequence of DNA found in the prokaryote.

Q: Describe the fate of the λ phage during the infection process with mutants in the following genes:…

A: Bacteriophages are a large category of viruses with a wide range of characteristics. DNA or RNA can…

Q: The following represents a eukaryotic operon. a.true b.false DNA Promoter Region -35 Box -10 Box -1…

A: An operon is a functional unit of DNA comprising a collection of genes dominated by a single…

Q: EboV RNA from Guinea Pig EboV RNA from Guinea Pig GAU ACG UUC GUC AAU EboV DNA CTA TGC AAG CAG TTA…

A: Substitution mutation- substitution of a base pair for another during DNA replication is the most…

Q: First option is : was not  or was Second option is : can or cannot Thrid option: cut, cut and…

A: Restriction digest means the DNA is cut at specific sites called restriction sites by an enzyme…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.