1) Under what conditions would a researcher choose to use a t-test for independent samples? 2) Under what conditions would a researcher choose to use a t-test for dependent samples? 3) What are the differences between the two types of t-tests?
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- To find the t-obtained for an independent two-sample t-test, which step is not required?When determining whether grounding accidents and hull failures result in different spillage (is there a difference between spills caused by grounding or hull failures) would I use a two tail t test to decide this?The table below summarizes data from a survey of a sample of women. Using a 0.01significance level, and assuming that the sample sizes of 800 men and 300 women are predetermined, test the claim that the proportions of agree/disagree responses are the same for subjects interviewed by men and the subjects interviewed by women. Does it appear that the gender of the interviewer affected the responses of women? Gender of Interviewer Man Woman Women who agree 498 247 Women who disagree 302 53 Compute the test statistic, rounding to three decimal places. Find the critical value(s). (Round to three decimal places) What is the conclusion based on the hypothesis test?
- Suppose a research study uses two independent groups with 31 participants in each group. If a t-test analysis produces a calculated value of t of 2.22, which of the following is the correct decision? A. At the .05 level of significance, reject the null hypothesisB. At the .05 level of significance, fail to reject the null hypothesisC. At the .01 level of significance, reject the null hypothesisD. Impossible to answer without additional informationAND THE P VALUE FOR THE TEST HYPOTHESISA researcher was interested in studying if there is a significant relationship between the severity of COVID 19 and blood types of individuals. 2400 individuals were studied and the results are shown below. Condition Blood Type O A B AB Total Critical 64 44 20 8 136 Severe 175 129 50 15 369 Moderate 211 528 151 125 1015 Mild 200 400 140 140 880 Total 650 1101 361 288 2400 State both the null and alternative hypotheses. Provide the decision rule for making this decision. Use an alpha level of 5%. Show all of the work necessary to calculate the appropriate statistic. What conclusion are you allowed to draw? . Would your conclusion change at the 10% level of significance?
- Which of the following Python methods is used to perform a paired t-test for the difference in two population means? Select one. Question 5 options: paired_ttest from scipy module ttest_ind from scipy module proportions_ztest from statsmodels module ttest_rel from scipy module2. A psychologist at a private mental hospital was asked to determine whether there was a clear difference in the length of stay for patients with different categories of diagnosis. Looking at the last four patients in each of the three major categories, the results (in terms of weeks of stay) were as follows: Diagnosis Category Affective Disorders Cognitive Disorders Drug-Related Conditions 7 12 8 6 8 10 5 9 12 6 11 10 Using alpha = 0.05, is there a…A researcher would like to conduct a survey of 100 adults to determine whether current smokers are more or less likely than non-smokers to agree with the statement "State governments have the right to require that children be vaccinated for diseases such as COVID-19." The response will be recorded on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1="strongly disagree", 2="somewhat disagree", 3="neither agree nor disagree", 4="somewhat agree", and 5="strongly agree". Which of the following tests is most appropriate for this scenario? Question 19 options: Wilcoxon signed rank test 1-sample test of a binomial proportion Kruskal-Wallis test 2-sample t-test Wilcoxon rank sum test
- A study was conducted to explore workplace bullying in a community NHS trust. Staff were asked about whether workplace bullying had affected their working environment (Quine L, BMJ 1999; 318: 228-229). Those who had been bullied had lower levels of job satisfaction (mean 10.5 [SD 2.7] vs 12.2 [2.3], P<0.001) and higher levels of job-induced stress (mean 22.5 [SD 6.1] v 16.9 [5.8], P<0.001) than those who had not been bullied. Based on the above info, Select which of the following statement(s) you believe to be true You CAN SELECT MORE THAN 1. a. The P value for the comparison of job-induced stress was less than 0.001. This means that we cannot reject the null hypothesis at the 5% level of significance. b. P < 0.001 means that there is a less than 1 in 1000 chance that we would have obtained these results, or more extreme results, if the alternative hypothesis was true. c. There is a significant difference in the levels of job satisfaction between…In low-speed crash tests of five cars, the repair costs were computed for a factory authorizedrepair and an independent repair workshop. The results are listed in Table 2. Is there sufficientevidence to support the claim that the independent workshop has lower repair costs? Use a 0.01significance level.Table 2 car 1 2 3 4 5 authorized repair centre X1 RM797 RM571 RM904 RM1147 RM418 independent workshop X2 RM523 RM488 RM875 RM911 RM297 D=X1 - X2 274 83 29 236 121 D2 = (X1 -X2)2 75076 6889 841 55696 14641Dean for student affairs of a small university is worried about students’ expenditure on internet expense during the period study from home since this Covid-19 outbreak. Especially she wants to know whether students of social sciences spend more compared to students from science and technology. As a quick and preliminary study, she collected a sample of 9 students from science and technology and 11 students from social sciences. Total spending for internet is in Rp0000 during the month of April 2029. The results are presented in the following table. Questions: 1. Explain whether you can or cannot use normal approach to the case. 2. Conduct the test by showing formal steps in hypothesis test (design, decision rule, statistical test, and conclusion) at α = 0.05