1. Cite everyday illustrations of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. How do the laws of thermodynamics underlie every organism’s ability to function?
Q: The evolution of life requires the organization of a very large number of molecules into biological…
A: The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal law of increasing entropy,…
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A: the second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a spontaneous reaction is always…
Q: Which of the following statements are false. A. Peptide bonds are the only covalent bonds that can…
A: The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that processes that involve the transfer or conversion of heat…
Q: 3. What is the effect of temperature below and above the optimum temperature on reaction rate?
A: Reaction rate is found optimum at a particular temperature only. Temperature have effect on the…
Q: Can you please answer this question and show all of the steps
A: When the free energy of a chemical reaction is negative due to release of energy, it is termed as…
Q: 1. Why do compound such as cyanide act as poisons when they disrupt the electron transport chain?
A: The election transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that complexes that couple redox…
Q: 5. a) Why would an enzyme that is effective with one reaction have no effect on another reaction?
A: Enzymes are biocatalyst that helps to increase the rate of chemical reactions but they are not used…
Q: 1. What is free energy? What is its symbol? 2. For an exergonic reaction, what is the value of AG?…
A: Introduction: Gibbs free energy predicts the direction of a spontaneous reaction. It uses the…
Q: All of the chemical reactions of a specific organism that result in the synthesis of biological…
A: Synthesis The process involve making of new compound from simple molecules.
Q: 6. Using graph C: a. Explain what happens when hypothermia sets in (when enzymes get too cold!)…
A: Note: As per guidelines we answer the first question. Kindly resubmit the questions to be answered…
Q: 1. Relate the chemical structure of an enzyme to its specificity and catalytic activity. 2. Design a…
A: Enzymes are classified as a type of protein that plays a major role in the process of helping speed…
Q: 1. What is the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration?
A: Note - Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you…
Q: Explain how a living system with all its complexity and order, does not violate the 2nd Law of…
A: The second law of thermodynamics expresses that the entropy of a shut framework will continuously…
Q: What drives metabolism to continue? What happens if these processes stops?
A: Metabolism is essentially the chemical reactions happening in the cell which makes energy from the…
Q: _1. Which of the following completes the given concept? - Nature tends towards _energy and more A.…
A: Introduction Thermodynamics deals with the relationship between heat, work, and forms of energy…
Q: 5. Write a balanced equation for each of the processes in Part A. Remember to include heat on the…
A: Reaction A: It is a reaction between ammonium chloride and water since heat is being consumed in the…
Q: Is the bolded statement TRUE or FALSE? Entropy, enthalpy, and free energy are concepts directly…
A: Entropy of a system is a measure of the disorder in the system. In 1877, Ludwig Boltzmann introduced…
Q: What is the relative activity and the degree of inhibition caused by a competitive
A: Enzymes are catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions (biological catalysts). Enzyme inhibitors…
Q: 2a) Any chemical reaction in which the free energy of the products is lower than the free energy of…
A: A spontaneous reaction is one that release free energy and moves to a more thermodynamically stable…
Q: The existence of life is dependents on bioenergetics to overcome the restrictions of thermodynamics.…
A:
Q: As it applies to biological systems, the second law of thermodynamics indicates that: O If left…
A: The energy transfer is not 100 percent efficient, much like other biochemical functions. In…
Q: 1. What is ATP and how do coupled reactions with ATP drive energetically unfavorable reactions?
A: ATP is the adenosine triphosphate. It is also called as the energy currency or energy coin. It is a…
Q: 1. How do pH and temperature affect enzyme activity? 2. What do the graphs suggest about the…
A: Enzymes are catalysts. They are basically proteins in nature. They work by lowering the activation…
Q: . At first glance, it may seem that living systems are able to defy the second law of…
A: A, favourable reaction or exergonic, reaction is one in which the energy state of reactants is…
Q: Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an…
A: Thermodynamics is a branch of physics-based on four laws that relate heat, work, energy,…
Q: 1. What is the significance of the effect of enzyme concentration to enzyme activity in relation to…
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Q: 1. In zero order reaction, the reaction rate depends only on enzyme concentration. In first…
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Q: 6. Which of the following is true of the binding energy derived from enzyme-substrate interactions?…
A: Introduction: Those proteins that increase the rate of the reaction without undergoing any change…
Q: 1.Based on the graph, which of the following could be used to increase the reaction rate beyond…
A: Usually, an increase in temperature causes an increase in the reaction rate. A higher temperature…
Q: 1.List 2 molecules that are produced by fermentation in yeast. 2.State the first law of…
A: Fermentation is the incomplete metabolism of the glucose via anaerobic organism that generates very…
Q: 1. All are characteristics of catabolic reactions except a. have energy-poor products b. capture…
A: Multiple questions are asked . I will answer 1st question, as per guidelines. Catabolism, the…
Q: 4. Write the overall balanced equation that summarizes glycolysis.
A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process that is common in both aerobic and anaerobic cellular…
Q: A logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics could be stated, O if there is an increase…
A: Thermodynamics in biology refers to the study of energy transfers that occur in molecules or…
Q: Is the bolded statement TRUE or FALSE? Entropy, enthalpy, and free energy are concepts directly…
A: Free energy is the portion of the total energy change available in a system for doing work. The…
Q: Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle against the second law of thermodynamics. How do…
A: The Second Law of thermodynamics states that there is a natural tendency of any isolated system to…
Q: Can chemiosmosis occur in an organism that lacks the enzyme system for aerobic respiration? Expla
A: Since you have asked multiple questions , we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: e. prokal 32. The second law of thermodynamics states that the universe tends towards this tendency.…
A: According to the second law of thermodynamics , the entropy ( disorderness ) of the entire universe…
Q: what is the importance of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems, especially living…
A: The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, is modified for…
Q: 1. What are the three kinds of enzyme-controlled reactions so that the chemical-bond energy from a…
A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 5. Draw the reaction curve for the follow a) A reaction with an activation energy (EA) = 50 and free…
A: Activation energy is the energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. Free energy is available…
Q: n Clinical Chemistry, are enzymatic methods for determining glucose, cholesterol, and uric acid more…
A: Enzymatic diagnostic methods are used to quantify the concentration of a particular substance in the…
Q: 23, The following is correct regarding metabolism a, Catabolism = chemical reactions where organic…
A: Metabolism is process which ply vital role in the body by releasing and gaining of energy in form of…
Q: 1) Which of the following statements is true for the Second Law of Thermodynamics? a) ΔS…
A: The second law of thermodynamics: Second law of thermodynamics state that entropy change of an…
Q: Why do we need to repeat the measurements of reaction of times ten times?
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Q: 1. Tell how the first and second laws of Thermodynamics effect cells T1: T2:
A: A living organism is an open system, able to exchange both matter and energy with its environment.…
Q: 1. The concentration of substrate X is high. What happens to the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed…
A: Enzymes are the proteinaceous substances that are capable of catalyzing chemical reactions of…
1. Cite everyday illustrations of the first and second laws of
How do the laws of thermodynamics underlie every organism’s ability to
function?
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- 1) Which of the following statements is true for the Second Law of Thermodynamics? a) ΔS (Sfinal-Sinitial) for the system is negative. b) The living system is not exchanging heat nor matter. c) Energy is conserved in the universe. d) The biological system never reach equilibrium.1. Which of the following forms of energy is correctly paired with its definition? a. Thermal energy - the energy in a system due to its temperature b. Potential energy - the energy associated with an object's motion c. Kinetic energy - the stored energy of an object due to its position d. Chemical energy - the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature 2. Which of the following summarizes the first law of thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. c. The total entropy of a system increases over time. d. Two systems that are in equilibrium with a third system are in equilibrium with one another 3. Which of the following is a thermodynamic quantity that combines enthalpy and entropy? a. Maximum enthalpy b. Minimum enthalpy c. Grand entropy d. Free energy 4. The Δ G value for the formation of gaseous water at 25°C and 1.0 atm is −228 kJ/mol. Given this…1. Given the following values for the changes in enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S), which of the following processes can take place at 298 K without violating the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
- 1. Why do we need to repeat the measurements of reaction of times ten times?When two glucose molecules react to form maltose: a. the reaction represents a negative G. b. free energy had to be available to allow the reaction to proceed. c. the reaction is exothermic. d. it supports the second law of thermodynamics, which states there is tendency of the universe toward disorder. e. the resulting product has less potential energy than the reactants.Imagine an elaborate ant farm with tunnels and passageways through the sand where ants live in a large community. Now imagine that an earthquake shook the ground and demolished the ant farm. In which of these two scenarios, before or after the earthquake, was the ant farm system in a state of higher or lower entropy?
- Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false? Endergonic reactions have a positive ?G and exergonic reactions have a negative ?G Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.1. At first glance, it may seem that living systems are able to defy the second law of thermodynamics. However, on closer examination, it becomes clear that although cells create organization from raw materials in the environment, they also contribute to disorder in the environment by releasing ________ 2.Which of the following reactions is unfavorable? a. NaCl dissolving in water (∆G < 0) b. Formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis (∆Go values vary from +10 to +20 kJ/mol) c. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Ⓟ (∆Go' = –30.5 kJ/mol) d. Oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6) yield up to 38 ATPs in a eukaryotic cell e. Oxidation of a 16-carbon (C16) fatty acid releases enough energy to synthesize 130 ATPsLife is sometimes described as a constant struggle against the second law of thermodynamics. How do organisms succeed in this struggle?
- 1. What is the significance of the effect of enzyme concentration to enzyme activity in relation to the medical aspect? a. A person with fever cannot eat well and may suffer from indigestion b. A person with hyperacidicity experience vomiting upon taking milk c. Abnormal level of diagnostic enzymes indicate damage in the body tissues d. Too much hydrogen peroxide in the body forms free radicals if not decomposed by peroxidase 2. What is the relation of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity to the medical field? a. To explain the cause why a feverish person cannot eat b. To explain why drinking carbonated leaves a fizzing sensation in our tongue c. To explain the cause why milk should not be taken by hyperacidic individual d. To explain why bubbles are formed when cleaning wounds with hydrogen peroxide 3. What reaction was involved in the determination of Vitamin C content of fruits? a. Oxidation…Which of the following is/are true concerning the first law of thermodynamics? A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. B) The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. C) Energy can be converted from one form to another. D) It is sometimes referred to as the law of conservation of energy. E) All of the above are true.1. What is the relative activity and the degree of inhibition caused by a competitive
