1. If neither Viagra or ginseng works to fix the cat's problem, what protein(s) would you suspect is “broken” in this signalling pathway?2. Why? Smooth MuscleCellNitroglycerinGuanylyl Cyclase(inactive)Nitric Oxide .GTPN:O-Guanylyl Cyclase(active)Nitric OxideCGMPInactive PKG(N:O)fCitrullineActivated PKGATPNitricOxideSynthaseProteinsPhospho-ProteinsCa2СамLowering of Ca²*Desensitization to Ca2+L-ArginineEndothelialOr NeuronalCellRelaxation LOCALLY PRODUCEDNITRIC OXIDECa2*EXPORTPDE5INHIBITORSCa2+SEQUESTRATION,Ca2+RELEASE5'-GMPGCP'LambanGTPIP3ReceptorCa2+PDE5KCGMPPKGMLC P'taseMLCMLC-PMLCKRELAXATIONCONTRACTIONBK K* CHANNEL

The nitric oxide (NO) is produced by the endothelial cells or by the neuronal cells. This NO diffuse…

Answered: 1. If neither Viagra or ginseng works…

1. If neither Viagra or ginseng works to fix the cat's problem, what protein(s) would you suspect is “broken” in this signalling pathway? 2. Why?

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter32: The Reception And Transmission Of Extracellular Information

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: The step(s) involved in cell signaling are: O Signaling cell synthesizes and secretes a signaling…

A: Introduction As multicellular organisms are made up of a lot of cells, there must be coordination…

Q: What is an example of Direct Contact signaling? O Gap junctions O synatpic cleft testosterone…

A: Cell Signalling: Cell signalling is the process by which specific information is conveyed from the…

Q: n mosquitoes, (i) Moult inhibiting hormone (MIH) or Juvenile hormone which is most effective. Why?…

A: The molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) is a neurohormone which exerts an inhibitory effect on the…

Q: 9. The drinking solution was most likely (choose one)- DD H20, a hypertonic solution, a hypotonic…

A: Our kidneys does the function of function of removal of waste, mainly ammonia in the form of urea…

Q: 8) All the following statements about hormone sensitive phospholipase C are true except: a) Results…

A: Phospholipase C leads to formation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol from…

Q: ccording to the second messenger hypothesis, the second messenger is thee a. Receptor located…

A: Secondary messengers are the molecules present of cell surface or cell membrane which carry signals…

Q: 3. In the sports camp, a group of students have been intensively swimming in a pool for 120 minutes…

A: Answer :- Various changes are made when a person is exercising specially in the mode of carbohydrate…

Q: ate a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of g protein couplec and…

Q: Peptide hormonesa. typically bind to receptors in the cytoplasm of a target cell.b. typically bind…

A: Peptide hormones are made up of amino acids. Amino acids have atleast one alpha-carboxylic group and…

Q: Steroid hormones O act as transcription factors O typically act over seconds to minutes O also…

A: answer: 1st option: steroid hormones act as transcription factors.

Q: What is the difference between a tropic and nontropic hormone?

A: Answer :- The non tropic harmone act straightforwardly on track cells by setting the chemical free…

Q: Which of the following would result in an INCREASE in BLOOD glucose levels ? choose all of the…

A: Introduction :- Glucose is the final product of digestion of food , that we intake . After complete…

Q: One advantage chemical signaling has over electrical signaling is thata. reaction to stimuli can…

A: Cell to cell communication is very important for the normal functioning of the body. It helps in the…

Q: 3. Give an example of one hormone and its effect: 4. There aren't male or female hormones--estrogen…

A: # According to our guidelines we can answer only the first question. So upload the second question…

Q: What is an example of Paracrine signaling? O Gap junctions O synatpic cleft O testosterone secretory…

A: Paracrine signaling It is defined as a form of cellular communication in which a cell produces a…

Q: 3. In the sports camp, a group of students have been intensively swimming in a pool for 120 minutes…

A: Hormones are the chemical messengers, that are directly released into the blood stream, which…

Q: If neither Viagra or ginseng works to fix the cat's problem, PKG would be considered “broken” in…

Q: Why is it that the secondary messenger system is named as such? What is the two most common…

A: Cell signalling pathways help in communication between the cells and the surrounding environment.…

Q: . How are dangerous receptors (e.g., opiate, EGF receptors, insulin receptors) handled differently…

A: Specific ligands come and bind to specific receptors to release signals.

Q: 1a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signaling mechanism of action G protein-coupled…

Q: How do hormones encode information? and How do cells "know what to do" in response to hormonal…

A: Hormones are messenger molecules that are secreted by endocrine glands. Their chemical nature can be…

Q: 2. What are the two main mechanisms by which cell signaling is regulated? What the difference…

A: Hormonal signaling involves the biosynthesis, storage and secretion of a hormone in a particular…

Q: what happens when there is a a lack of a key molecule in a signalling pathway

A: Signaling pathway or cascade involves the chain of events that passes the signal across the cell…

Q: G proteins (a) relay a message from an activated receptor to an enzyme that activates a second…

A: The messengers present in the cell can be divided into two categories. One of the categories include…

Q: You have discovered a new human genetic disorder that affects a relay molecule involved in the…

A: Dopamine is a feel good hormone. Dopamine is a hormone and neurotransmitter. It produces positive…

Q: 8. Which of the following is a second messenger signal? to. CAMP b. IP3 DAG d. G protein-coupled…

A: ANSWER;- C) DAG(Diacylglycerol) Explain;- second messenger molecule incorporates cyclic AMP, cyclic…

Q: A function of the second messenger IP3 is to ... a) bind to and activate protein kinase A. b) bind…

A: Introduction:- There are three steps of cell signalling. 1. Reception: A signalling molecule from…

Q: 5. The cells synthesizing steroid hormones are rich A. róugh ER. B. smooth ER. C. lysosome. D.…

Q: They also are less likely to have breast cancer. By one hypothesis, blindness encourages early…

A: Melatonin level helps in attain the skin color and induces sleep

Q: 4. During a lunch at a McDonald's outlet, an officc employce reccived about 350 g of carbohydrates…

A: The absorptive state, or the fed state, occurs after a meal. In this state the body is in the…

Q: Down-regulationa. produces a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cells.b. produces an…

A: Down regulation is a cellular response that causes the cells components to decrease in number. The…

Q: 2) Compare protein hormones with steroid hormones

A: Hormones are chemicals synthesized and produced by the specialised glands to control and regulate…

Q: 1.Describe three (3) major classes of molecules function as hormones in vertebrates.

A: Hormones are non nutrient chemicals produced in an organism in very less amount and perform an array…

Q: You are designing neurotransmitters and hormones. 1. Which should have a higher affinity for their…

A: Neurotransmitter is a chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibres by the…

Q: The concept cells that activate to a picture of Charlie Brown will most likely activate to what…

A: The organs of the sensory system are the body's sense organs. The sensory system's goal is to allow…

Q: In the G protein signaling pathway, the 2nd messenger is: a. ATP b. GDP Oc. Cyclic GMP d. Cyclic AMP…

A: The G-protein signalling pathway play important role in metabolic regulations, embryonic…

Q: 1. Women who have been blind since birth almost never have breast cancer. A high level of one…

A: The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located below the epithalamus of region of diencephalon…

Q: 5. In the book and in our lectures we have discussed the variety of T2RS that mammals use to detect…

A: The bitter taste is one of the five tastes that are sensed by the tongue. It is generally…

Q: Which statement best describes how information is transmitted from molecule to molecule in ALL…

Q: 5. Summarize the signal transduction pathway. EXTRA- CELLULAR FLUID Signaling molecule (first…

A: The process of converting the extracellular signals that carry the specific information into the…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes autocrine signalling? O A cell communication…

A: Option 1 is correct- A cell communication mechanism in which the signalling molecules binds to the…

Q: When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor, (a) G proteins are inactivated (b) a third…

A: In general, genetic information within organisms is stored in chromosomes, where it is represented…

Q: 1)The concept of saturation is defined as? a) The ability of a receptor to bind only one type or a…

A: Hi! Thank you for posting the question on Bartleby. As per the guidelines we can answer only one…

Q: nicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a lignad and associated with specific proteins on the surface…

A: Nicotine acts in the brain by stimulating the adrenal glands to release the hormone epinephrine…

Q: 6. A runner just finished a marathon. (a) Which hormone is being secreted to the blood: insulin or…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes autocrine signalling? O A cell communication…

A: cytokines are the family of the small protein that mediate an organisms response to injury or…

Q: When the concentration of the hormone insulin is too high for an extended period: O The number of…

A: Insulin is defined as a peptide hormone which is generated by pancreatic islets of Langerhans cells…

Concept explainers

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.

Question

1. If neither Viagra or ginseng works to fix the cat's problem, what protein(s) would you suspect is “broken” in this signalling pathway?

2. Why?

Smooth Muscle
Cell
Nitroglycerin
Guanylyl Cyclase
(inactive)
Nitric Oxide .
GTP
N:O-Guanylyl Cyclase
(active)
Nitric Oxide
CGMP
Inactive PKG
(N:O)
fCitrulline
Activated PKG
ATP
Nitric
Oxide
Synthase
Proteins
Phospho-Proteins
Ca2
Сам
Lowering of Ca²*
Desensitization to Ca2+
L-Arginine
Endothelial
Or Neuronal
Cell
Relaxation

LOCALLY PRODUCED
NITRIC OXIDE
Ca2*
EXPORT
PDE5
INHIBITORS
Ca2+
SEQUESTRATION,
Ca2+
RELEASE
5'-GMP
GC
P'Lamban
GTP
IP3
Receptor
Ca2+
PDE5
KCGMP
PKG
MLC P'tase
MLC
MLC-P
MLCK
RELAXATION
CONTRACTION
BK K* CHANNEL

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps with 1 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

The epinephrine-mediated “amplificationcascade” of Figure 24.14 has six steps, all of which are catalyticwith one exception. This cascade leads to the activation of glycogenphosphorylase. This enzyme acts in turn on glycogen to yieldglucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P).(a) Which step is not catalytic?(b) If each catalytic step had a turnover (molecules of substrateacted on per molecule of enzyme) of 10, how many moleculesof G-1-P would result from one molecule of epinephrine?(c) What is the biochemical advantage of such a cascade?(d) How is the amplification cascade of this questionreversed?
The interconverison of DHAP and GAP greatly favors the formation of DHAP at equilibirum. Yet the conversion of DHAP by triose phosphate isomerase proceeds readily. Why?
Phosphorylase kinase integrates signals from thecyclic-AMP-dependent and Ca2+-dependent signalingpathways that control glycogen breakdown in liver andmuscle cells (Figure Q15–4). Phosphorylase kinase is com-posed of four subunits. One is the protein kinase that cata-lyzes the addition of phosphate to glycogen phosphorylaseto activate it for glycogen breakdown. The other three sub-units are regulatory proteins that control the activity of thecatalytic subunit. Two contain sites for phosphorylation byPKA, which is activated by cyclic AMP. The remaining sub-unit is calmodulin, which binds Ca2+ when the cytosolicCa2+ concentration rises. The regulatory subunits controlthe equilibrium between the active and inactive confor-mations of the catalytic subunit, with each phosphate andCa2+ nudging the equilibrium toward the active confor-mation. How does this arrangement allow phosphorylasekinase to serve its role as an integrator protein for the mul-tiple pathways that stimulate glycogen…
Researchers investigating the role of fat metabolism in diabetes generated PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) knockout mice. When fed a high fat diet, these mice did not gain extra adipose tissue or display significant weight gain. Explain why this is the case.
exaplin the intracellular mehcanims of smooth msucle via agonist such as Hitamine and acytycholine. link hisamine to muscarnic recptors link acetycholine to a neurotransmittors Give a diagram for each.
In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?
In angiogenic endothelial cells, pyruvate is converted to lactate (generating 2 ATP per glucose) rather than being completely oxidized (which would generate ~32 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation). Explain why angiogenic cells generate ATP anaerobically.
Understanding the Mechanism of Hemolytic Anemia Genetic defects in glycolytic enzymes can have serious consequences for humans For example, defects in the gene for pyruvate kinase can result in a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Consult a reference to learn about hemolytic anemia, and discuss why such genetic defects lead to this condition.
Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change? More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. No allergic response. No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.
EGTA is a chelating agent with high affinity and specificity to Ca2+. By microinjecting a cell with an appropriate EGTA solution, an experimenter can prevent rising cytosolic Ca2+ from rising above 10-7 M. How would EGTA microinjection affect a cell’s response to the ?α-adrenergic and ?β-adenergic pathways?
Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 Applying signal transduction mechanisms in the context of Type I and Type II Diabetes. Describe the mechanisms by which a cell receives a message and translates it into short-term or long-term effects. Including the role of phosphorylation and feedback inhibition.
Lithium ion, which is used to treat bipolar disorder, interferes with the phosphoinositide signaling pathway by inhibiting enzymes such as inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. Predict the eff ect of Li+ on the supply of cellular inositol, a precursor of phosphatidylinositol and PIP2.