1. If the initial purchase and installation price for a Point-of-Use system for a small community of 40 connections cost $250,000 in 2017, what is your estimate for the cost of a point-of-use system for a small community system of 25 connections in 2021 dollars? List your assumptions. Consider using a PPI to update the cost values.
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- Sally Statistics is implementing a system of statistical process control (SPC) charts in her factory in an effort to reduce the overall cost of scrapped product. The current cost of scrap is $X per month. If a 75% learning curve is expected in the use of the SPC charts to reduce the cost of scrap, what would the percentage reduction in monthly scrap cost be after the charts have been used for 6 months? (Hint: Model each month as a unit of production.)Assume an electricity generator can produce electricity from two different production technologies, a dirty technology and a clean technology. The quantity of electricity produced from the dirty technology is Qd in megawatt hours (MWh) and the amount from the clean technology is Qc. The dirty technology produces carbon emissions at a constant rate of d tons per MWh of electricity generation. The clean technology produces carbon emissions at a constant rate of c tons per MWh, where Bc < Bd. The cost functions for the two generation technologies are C(Qd) and C(Qc). The market price of electricity is P. Under these assumptions, the firm’s profit function is: Profit = PQd + PQc - C(Qd) - C(Qc). 1.) Take the partial derivative of profit with respect to each output (Qd and Qc) and set each equal to zero to find the profit maximizing (“first-order”) conditions for each type of electricity. Denote marginal costs of each type of electricity as MCd and MCc. Write down and interpret…Henleigh Hill, CFO of HH Corp., uses a decentralized company processing center for check collection. She estimates that the total annual cost of collections is currently $300,000. Henleigh is considering switching to a centralized company processing center, but she is worried about the required increase in fixed costs. Use the following assumptions to determine the maximum fixed cost of the centralized company processing center that would make Henleigh indifferent between a decentralized or centralized company processing center. Number of checks processed per year = 450,000 Average face value of checks = $1,000 Collection float for centralized processing = five days Variable processing cost per check for centralized processing = $0.25 Opportunity cost rate = 5 percent
- At the beginning of the year, managers at King Industries estimated $420000 in manufacturing overhead, 20000 direct labor hours and 50000 machine hours. Actual manufacturing costs at the end of the year were $425000 in manufacturing overhead. During the year, 22000 direct labor hours and 47000 machine hours were incurred. If overhead is applied based on direct labor hours, what is the predetermined overhead rate for the coming year? $21.00 per direct labor hour $8.40 per direct labor hour $19.09 per direct labor hour $9.04 per direct labor hourThe economically destructive price spike of 2007–2008 occurred when spare production capacity fell below 1 mbpd, causing a run-up in oil price from $50 to $145 per barrel. An issue for world oil spare capacity is the internal consumption of OPEC producers. OPEC production has ranged between 30 and 33 mbpd since 2004. Internal use is currently about 25% of total OPEC production, but it is growing by 2% per year. The internal consumption growth is largely for nonelastic end uses such as electricity generation, water treatment, and new buildings. If the current world spare capacity is 2 mbpd and the OPEC total production does not increase beyond 33 mbpd, how many years will it take for the spare capacity to fall below 1 mbpd again?Classify the following costs into either being product cost or period cost:(a) Raw material costs(b) Income taxes paid(c) Interest expenses on borrowed funds(d) Wages incurred in producing products(e) Fire insurance premium paid on factory buildings(f) Electric bill for the warehouse operation(g) Salary paid for engineers(h) Material handling cost related to production(i) Salary paid for plant managerU) Leasing expense for forklift trucks in warehouse operation(k) Mortgage payments on factory buildings
- Two automatic systems for dispensing maps are being compared by the state highway department. The accompanying breakeven chart of the comparison of these systems (System I vs. System II) shows total yearly costs for the number of maps dispensed per year for both alternatives. Answer the following questions. (a) What is the fixed cost for System I? (b) What is the fixed cost for System II? (c) What is the variable cost per map dispensed for System I? (d) What is the variable cost per map dispensed for System II? (e) What is the breakeven point in terms of maps dispensed at which the two systems have equal annual costs? (f) For what range of annual number of maps dispensed is System I recommended? (g) For what range of annual number of maps dispensed is System II recommended? (h) At 3000 maps per year, what are the marginal and average map costs for each system?A seasonal bus tour firm has 5 buses with a capacity of 60 people each. Each customer pays $25 for a one-day tour. Records show $360,000 in fixed costs per season, incremental costs of $5 per customer, and an average daily occupancy of 80%. The number of days of operation necessary each season to break even is closest to which value? (a) 50 days (b) 75 days (c) 100 days (d) 120 days?Suppose the cost of flying a 200-seat commercial airplane is as follows: Crew wages: 35617 AED Service of maintenance personnel and equipment: 16551 AED Cost of a passenger meal (provided complimentary to all passengers onboard): 45 AED Cost of issuing a boarding pass and luggage handling per passenger: 8 AED Just before departure, there are 10 empty seats. Just before departure, what is the minimum ticket price to allow one more passenger into the flight
- In your own words, describe the life-cycle cost concept. Why is the potential for achieving life-cycle cost savings greatest in the acquisition phase of the life cycle?Product X is sold for $500 per unit. The total cost of production per year, including capital recovery and a return, is given by the expression TC = 0.04n3 − 700n + 50, 000 where n is the number of units sold. If TC represents the total of all fixed and variable costs, determine the following: a. The value of n that maximizes profit. b. The maximum profit for a year. c. The fixed cost per year.Suppose that the ABC Corporation has a production (and sales) capacity of $1,000,000 per month. Its fixed costs—over a considerable range of volume—are $350,000 per month, and the variable costs are $0.50 per dollar of sales.a) What is the annual breakeven point volume (D')? b) What would be the effect on D' of decreasing the variable cost per unit by 25% if the fixed costs thereby increased by 10%?c) What would be the effect on D' if the fixed costs were decreased by 10% and the variable cost per unit were increased by the same percentage?