13 For bungee to be a valid proxy for riskaverse, it must be Uncorrelated with the error term Uncorrelated with B2 Uncorrelated with risk averse Uncorrelated with price
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- Match the term with its corresponding definition.___ Attributable risk___ Attributable risk percent___ Relative Risk___ Incidence rateA. Compares the incidence rate of the exposed to the incidence rate of theunexposed.B. The proportion of incidence cases among the exposed that are due to theexposure.C. The number of new cases of disease in a population divided by the total numberof persons in the population who were at risk for disease during a specified periodof time.D. The absolute difference in the incidence rate between the exposed and theunexposed.Suppose that the buyers do not know the quality of any particular bicycle for sale, but the sellers do knowthe quality of the bike they sell. The price at which a bike is traded is determined by demand and supply.Each buyer wants at most one bicycle.(ii) Assuming that each buyer purchases a bike only if its expected quality is higher than the price,and each seller is willing to sell their bike only if the price exceeds their valuation, what is theequilibrium outcome in this market?Tom, who has a utility-of-wealth function U(w) = ln(w + 10), has $500 of income before tax and is taxed at a rate of 25% of earned income. If he is caught underreporting his income he will have to pay the taxes owed and in addition will pay a fine of $2 for every dollar of income he failed to report. How much income will he conceal (i.e., fail to report) if the probability of being caught is 0.1? Also find the market opportunity line and determine the minimum amount of fine such that there is no tax evasion at all.
- ADVERSE SELECTIONSomet Health Insurance Company wants to sell a health insurance product for $700 permonth. There is no requirement for healthy people to have insurance coverage. Thecompany conducts a survey to see how different populations respond to the proposed cost.People with no illnesses and disabilities, generally the young and healthy, respond that theydo not spend $700 on healthcare in an entire year, and most feel they would not waste somuch money on premiums when the chance of needing surgery or expensive healthcaretreatments is so small. However, older, sicker people think that $700 per month is a greatdeal, as most of them spend far in excess of this amount on healthcare. It seems like agreat deal for them. What will happen to the costs of the health insurance if only the older, sicker peopleenroll?Do you think Canada's universal health care program can alleviate problems caused by moral hazard and adverse selection in the private insurance markets? Why or why not? John's utility curve over total wealth is given by U(W) =VW (i.e. square root of W). Suppose that he has a 50% chance of being healthy. If he is healthy, he gets all his wealth-$10,000. If he becomes sick, he only has $3,600 remaining after medical expenditures. Calculate John's wealth and utility when he does and does not get sick, his expected utility, expected wealth, and his expected loss. Now he has the option of buying health insurance Calculate the maximum amount John would be willing to pay to fully insure against the cost of the sickness. How much is the actuarially fair and risk premium? Suppose that society consists of large, equal numbers of identical male and identical female consumers. Male consumers are similar to John; female consumers differ only in that they face a 25% probability of being sick, but…If a risk‐averse individual owns a home worth $100,000, and that individual iswilling to pay a maximum of $1,000 for an annual fire insurance policy that covers theentire loss in the event of a fire, then we know that:A. There is a one percent chance that the home will be destroyed by fire inthe next yearB. There is a greater than a one percent chance that the home will bedestroyed by fire in the next yearC. There is less than a one percent chance that the home will be destroyedby fire in the next yearD. None of the above is correct
- Consider the model of competitive insurance. Peter is a risk averse individual with the utility function u(w) = w0.5. His current wealth is $300 and with probability 1/2 he will incur a loss of D = $240, but with probability 1/2 he will incur no loss. Ann has the same utility u(w) = w0.5 and current wealth $300 as Peter, but a different probability of loss: she will incur a loss of D = $240 with probability 0.3, and no loss with probability 0.7. In the separating equilibrium Peter is offered actuarially fair full insurance contract, so his wealth is equal to $180, whether loss happens or not. What amount of insurance (approximately) will Ann be offered an insurance contract with?2. “A risk-averse individual will always full insure, meaning that uncertainty is irrelevant.” Discuss this comment using relevant model(s) studied in the unit.What is the supportive explanation that shows lockdown is the best decision have been made compared to not lockdown due to Covid-19 pandemic? Is there any contigency plans for lockdown need to be placed?
- 1. Why is the existence of a correlation (existence of co-occurrence or association) between and Fnot enough evidencefor us to say that Ycauses Y?2. What is the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy? Give an exampleUnder the investment approach, what is the likelihood that a rational voter will choose to vote and why? a. Very likely, especially if the voter derives benefit from simply expressing their opinion. b.A bout 50-50, depending on whether their candidate is ahead in the polls or not. c. Very high because they trade their vote for being able to call in a favor from the politician later. d. Almost nil because their likelihood of influencing the election is so small.D. If TB > TA then Type B will get more education, otherwise Type A will definitely getmore education. Discuss.E. Assume that the mean wage in Industry 1 is greater than the mean wage in Industry 2,but the variance of wages in Industry 1 is much larger than that in Industry 2. Assumealso that if you get an education you must work in Industry 1(i.e., the human capitalaccumulated is industry specific). What effect(s) might that have on the choices ofType A and Type B individuals regarding their education.F. If αA is much larger than αB, then there is nothing the government can do to induceType B individuals to go to school beyond high school.G. Discuss briefly how your answer to E change if the human capital was not entirelyindustry specific.