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- 3) In the mid-1930s, the German theoretical chemist Erich Hückel developed a rule that dealt with the aromaticity of various compounds, which became known as the Hückel Rule. Which (parts) of the compounds listed below are aromatic? Justify your answer based on Hückel's rule. You can treat the rings separately or together as you wish.1, 6-Methanonaphthalene has an interesting 1H NMR spectrum in which the eight hydrogens around the perimeter absorb at 6.9 to 7.3 δ, while the two CH2 protons absorb at -0.5 δ. Tell whether it is aromatic, and explain its NMR spectrum.Is this molecule aromatic? Why doesn't the pi bond in the benzene ring on the left side not count torward aromaticity?
- Naphthalene is a white volatile, solid polycyclic hydrocarbon used in moth and repellents. Looking at the structure of naphthalene given below, determine if it is aromatic or not. Explain the reasons for your answer?Aromatic compounds also known as arenes or aromatic are chemical compounds that contain conjugated planar ring system with delocalized pi electron clouds instead of discrete alternating single and double bond. One of the precursor to produce aromatic compounds is arenediazonium.Critize this statementFour isomers A-D with the formula C5H12O exhibit different reactivity patterns as indicated below. Isomer A reacts with PCC and CrO3 to provide identical products. Isomer B reacts with PCC and CrO3 to provide different products. Isomers C and D do not react with either PCC or CrO3. Isomers A, B, and C readily react with NaH but D does not show any reactivity with NaH. The 1H NMR splitting patterns for these isomers are as follows. Isomer A: δ 0.91 (d, 3H), 0.90 (d, 3H), 1.18 (d, 3H), 1.92 (dqq, 1H), 3.38 (dq, 1H), 3.58 (bs, 1H). Isomer B: δ 1.25 (s, 9H), 3.45 (s, 2H), 3.65 (bs, 1H). Isomer C: δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.44 (q, 2H), 1.24 (s, 6H), 3.65 (bs, 1H). Isomer D: δ 1.10 (t, 3H), 1.13 (d, 6H), 3.19 (septet, 1H), 3.50 (q, 2H). Based on all of this information, provide the structures of A-D. (Note: If there is a chiral center on any of these molecules, assume the stereochemistry as “R”. dqq=doublet of a quartet of a quartet, bs=broad singlet)
- Use the four compounds shown below to answer the following questions: a. Why are the ortho-halo-substituted benzoic acids stronger acids than benzoic acid? b. Why is o-fluorobenzoic acid the weakest of the ortho-halo-substituted benzoic acids? c. Why do o-chlorobenzoic acid and o-bromobenzoic acid have similar pKa values?Use the four compounds shown below to answer the following questions: a. Why are the ortho-halo-substituted benzoic acids stronger acids than benzoic acid?b. Why is o-fluorobenzoic acid the weakest of the ortho-halo-substituted benzoic acids?c. Why do o-chlorobenzoic acid and o-bromobenzoic acid have similar pKa values?Prove the aromaticity of the molecules given below by discussing them.
- Biphenyl has the following structure.(a) Is biphenyl a (fused) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon?(b) How many pi electrons are there in the two aromatic rings of biphenyl? How does this number compare with that for naphthalene?(c) The heat of hydrogenation for biphenyl is about 418 kJ>mol (100 kcal>mol). Calculate theresonance energy of biphenyl.(d) Compare the resonance energy of biphenyl with that of naphthalene and with that of two benzene rings. Explain thedifference in the resonance energies of naphthalene and biphenyl.Which of the following are consistent with the requirements for aromaticity?I. A system with delocalized p electrons in a ring.II. 4n p electrons in the ring.III. All the ring atoms must be carbons.IV. (4n + 2) p electrons in the ring. Give the answer why.1 i. What is Resonance Theory? Sate five conclusions that can be drawn from the theory. ii. State the two main experiments that were used to establish the extra stability of the benzene molecule. iii. What are the factors that confer Aromaticity to an organic molecule? iv. State the effects of substituents on a benzene derivative towards further aromatic substitution. V. Based on the above suggest the various types of substituents that can be attached to Benzene.