2) Which one of these statements corresponds to MM proposition I without taxes? A) Debt interest reduces equity income and increases firm value. B) The value of a firm increases as its debt-equity ratio increases. C) Debt interest has no effect on either equity income or firm value. D) Debt interest reduces equity income but does not affect firm value.

2) Which one of these statements corresponds to MM proposition I without taxes? A) Debt interest reduces equity income and increases firm value. B) The value of a firm increases as its debt-equity ratio increases. C) Debt interest has no effect on either equity income or firm value. D) Debt interest reduces equity income but does not affect firm value.

Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)

13th Edition

ISBN:9781337395083

Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves

Publisher:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves

Chapter11: Determining The Cost Of Capital

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3Q

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How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. 1) The corporate tax rate is lowered. 2) The Federal Reserve tightens credit. 3) The firm uses more debt; that is, it increases its debt ratio
For each statement indicate whether it is true or false and briefly explain why. a) In a perfect capital market with no corporate taxes, as a firm takes on more and more debt its weighted average cost of capital remains unchanged while its required return on equity rises. b) If a firm issues riskfree debt the risk of the firm’s equity will not change. So, riskfree debt allows the firm to get the benefit of a low cost of debt without raising its cost of equity. c) In the context of firms’ capital structure decisions, the theory predicts that the value of a firm’s equity will rise in direct proportion to the level of debt in its capital structure.
Which of the following is CORRECT? Select one: a. When calculating the cost of debt, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because interest payments are deductible by the paying corporation. b. When calculating the cost of preferred stock, companies must adjust for taxes, because dividends paid on preferred stock are deductible by the paying corporation. c. Because of tax effects, an increase in the risk-free rate will have a greater effect on the after-tax cost of common stock as measured by the CAPM. d. Higher flotation costs reduce investors' expected returns, and that leads to a reduction in a company's WACC. e. All of the above are correct. Which of the following is CORRECT? Select one: a. If the NPV of a project is negative, the IRR for the project must also be negative. b. A project's MIRR can never exceed its IRR. c. If a project with normal cash flows has an IRR less than WACC, the project must have a positive NPV. d. If Project 1's IRR exceeds Project 2's IRR, then 1 must…
(a) – Explain the concept of Tax Deduction in WACC. Does this tax deduction make debt finance Cheaper Then Equity Finance? (b) – Compare Dividend Valuation Model with Capital Asset Pricing Model in the context of calculating cost of equity? Can use of these two methods result in differing values of business?
For a typical firm, assumes that all rates are after taxes and that the firm operates at its target capital structure. So cost of equity > after tax cost of debt > WACC. True False
Identify and explain each of the if it encourage a firm to increase or decrease debt in its capital structure? a. The corporate tax rate increases b. The personal tax rate increases c. Due to market changes, the firm's assets become less liquid d. The firm's sales and earnings become more volatile.
How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. rd (1-t) rs WACC 4) The dividend payout ratio is increased. 5) The firm expands into a risky new area. 6) Investors become more risk-averse. 7) The firm is an electric utility with a large investment innuclear plants. Several states are considering a ban on nuclear power generation.
How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. rd (1-t) rs WACC 1) The corporate tax rate is lowered. 2) The Federal Reserve tightens credit. 3) The firm uses more debt; that is, it increases its debt ratio 4) The dividend payout ratio is increased. 5) The firm expands into a risky new area. 6) Investors become more risk-averse. 7) The firm is an electric utility with a large investment innuclear plants. Several states are considering a ban on nuclear power generation.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. WACC calculations should be based on the before-tax costs of all the individual capital components. b. Flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock normally reduce the WACC. c. An increase in the risk-free rate will normally lower the marginal costs of both debt and equity financing. d. A change in a company's target capital structure cannot affect its WACC. e. If a company's tax rate increases, then, all else equal, its weighted average cost of capital will decline.
Which of the following statements is correct? a. As Modigliani and Miller made clear in their original work, capital structure does not matter in perfect capital markets. Thus, if capital structure does matter, then it must stem from a market imperfection. b. Because corporations pay taxes on their profits after interest payments are deducted, interest expenses increase the amount of corporate tax firms must pay. c. To determine the loss due the leverage for the value of the firm, we must compute the present value of the stream of future interest tax shields the firm will receive minus the stream of future dividends. d. By increasing the amount paid to debt holders through interest payments, the amount of the pre-tax cash flows that must be paid as taxes increases. e. In general, the gain to lenders from the tax deductibility of interest payments is referred to as the interest tax benefit.
If we drop the assumption that there are no information and transaction costs, in addition to dropping the no-tax assumption, then the Modigliani and Miller model suggests: Companies will not always increase their use of debt. Capital structure has no impact on companies’ value Capital structure has impact on companies’ cost of capital Companies will always increase their use of debt.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Support your answers with the relevant explanations. a) The higher the proportion of equity in a company’s overall capital structure, thehigher return required by its debtholders. (Explain your reasoning – provide a numerical example supporting your answer.) b) In the presence of corporate taxes, a company would prefer to raise debt onlywhen the benefits of the tax shield fully offset the cost of debt. (Explain yourreasoning – provide a numerical example supporting youranswer.) c) In the presence of bankruptcy risk, the cost of capital of a company with debt is always higher than the cost of capital of an unlevered company. (Explain yourreasoning –, provide a numerical example supporting youranswer.)