2. Define economies of scale, scope, and network externality effects within the context oftelecommunication. How can a firm take advantage of them to monopolize the market? How does amonopoly reach profit maximizing pricing?

Economies of scale: Economies of scale are the profits or cost advantages that are earned or gained…

Answered: 2. Define economies of scale, scope,…

Principles of Microeconomics

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305156050

Author:N. Gregory Mankiw

Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw

Chapter17: Oligopoly

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CQQ

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What stops oligopolists from acting together as a monopolist and earning the highest possible level of profits?
Consider the curve in the figure below, which shows the market demand. marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. In this example, we assume firms have zero fixed costs. Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the cartel supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? Suppose now that the cane] breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will be the industry quantity and price? What will be the collective profits of all firms in the industry? Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.
1. Tying as a Bundling Strategy Ginnie's Gym Refreshment Bar Hydration Power Drink Satisfying Smoothie Early 7.00 5.00 Late 6.00 10.00 Ginnie has observed that her signature item, the Satisfying Smoothie, is very popular with the late evening crowd at the gym, but it is not so popular with the early crowd. The early and late crowds have only slightly different preferences for her Hydration Power Drink. The gym has a very large clientele, and Ginnie can’t always tell who has the late-crowd preference and who has the early-crowd preference. In her graduate MBA class, they have been studying tying as a bundling strategy. Ginnie asked her professor, “Would bundling work for my business?” Her professor said, “I think you told me that the marginal costs for you two products differ significantly, so first, I would recommend that you look at the contribution margin for each. Sometimes, low prices may be more profitable and sometimes high prices…
#4. If network externalities exist in an industry, the ________ firm to enter the market is often the one that succeeds in dominating the industry. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. fifth
Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? b) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will remain very close to what they are today and its profits will not increase"
11 21. Imagine an N firm oligopoly for "nominally differentiated" goods. That is, each of the N firms produces a product that "looks" different from the products of its competitors, but that "really" isn't any different. However, each firm is able to fool some of the buying public. Specifically, each of the N firms (which are identical and have zero marginal cost of production) has a captive market -consumers who will buy only from that firm. The demand generated by each of these captive markets is given by the demand function Pn A- Xn , where Xn is the amount supplied to this captive market and Pn is the price of the production of firm n. There is also a group of intelligent consumers who realize that the products are really undifferentiated. These…
9. Suppose that the downstream market for widgets is characterized by the inverse demand curve P = 100 - Q. Widget retailer is controlled by the monopolist WR Inc., which obtains its widgets from the monopoly wholesaler WW Inc. at a wholesale price of ww per widget, WW inc. obtains the widgets in turn from the monopoly manufacturer WM ltd. at a manufacturing price of wm per widget. WM Inc. incurs marginal costs of $10 per unit in making widgets. WW and WR each incur marginal costs of $5 in addition to the prices that they have to pay for widgets. What is the equilibrium widget price to consumers, P, the equilibrium wholesale price ww and the equilibrium manufacturing price wm? What is the profit earned by each firm at these prices? Show that vertical integration by any two of these firms increases profit and benefits consumers. Show that integration of all three firms is even more beneficial.
2. The market for dark chocolate us characterized by Cournot duopolists - Honeydukes and Wonka industries. The market demand for dark chocolate is:P = 8 - 0.005Qdwhere P is the price per bar in dollars and Qd is dark chocolate's daily quantity demanded in bars (use qh to represent the quantity of dark chocolate sold by Honeydukes and qw to represent the quantity of dark chocolate sold by Wonka Industries). Honeydukes has a constant marginal cost of $2.50 per bar, while Wonka Industries has a constant marginal cost of $3.00 per bar. The firms move simultaneously in choosing their profit-maximizing quantity of output.a. Given the firms move simultaneously, what is the equation for Honeydukes' reaction function with qh expressed as a function of qw?b. Given the firms move simultaneously, what is the equation for Wonka's reaction function with qw expressed as a function of qh?c. What quantity of dark chocolate will each firm produce in equilibrium and what price will be established for a…

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2. Define economies of scale, scope, and network externality effects within the context of telecommunication. How can a firm take advantage of them to monopolize the market? How does a monopoly reach profit maximizing pricing?