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- 6. How the use of the nucleic acid vaccine gives protection against diseases like COVID-19. Please explain it?3) Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from normal transcription? Give examples of retroviruses.Using retroviral vectors for gene therapy might increase the patient's risk of developing cancer because they might: a. introduce proteins from the virusb. integrate recombinant DNA into the genome in ways that misregulate the expression of genes at or near the site of integrationc. not express the genes that were introduced into a patient's cellsd. not integrate their recombinant DNA into the patient's genome
- 2. Please explain the difference between virus and bacteriophage multiplication. Be detailed.1. Which of these methods will allow quantification of a vaccine? a. Immunocytochemistry b. Flow Cytometry c. Western Blot d. ELISA 2. Sanger sequencing depends on _____________ during in vitro DNA replication a.random incorporation of fluorescent-labelled deoxynucleotides which releases a color after being added to the DNA chain b.random incorporation of pyrophosphate-labelled deoxynucleotides which a releases color upon addition of substrate c.random incorporation of fluorescent-labelled dideoxynucleotides which terminates the growing chain d. subsequent ligation of a DNA octamer with two known specific bases1. What impacts might mutations have on the transmission of the virus (COVID-19)? 2. At which stage of viral infection did these mutations most likely occur (COVID-19)?
- 1. Use influenza as an example to explain why immune pathology significant, and why current treatments is (i.e. neuraminidase inhibitors such as Tamiflu) are not always effective. 2. Compare/contrast quantitating virus via PCR versus using a plaque assay. (/2). What are the requirements for each of them, and how might each of them be beneficial or not beneficial?1. Propose a hypothesis of how remdesivir inhibits the virus's replication process. (covid)1. Throughout history there are many different types of virus that have caused impacts both small and large. Is there a possibility a virus could be considered a "good virus"? Please provide an argument for both yes and no with the use of a proper example.
- A means of introducing a cloned gene into cells for gene therapyis viaa. liposomes.b. retroviral vectors.c. T-DNA vectors.d. both a and b.27. Match the following three words to its correct definition. a.) Transformation b.) Transduction c.) Conjugation -Uptake of DNA from the environment -Transfer of DNA by one bacterium to another by a viral vector -Transfer of replicated DNA from a donor to a recipient1. Describe the difference in the bands for the PCR and RT-PCR from the CD4+ T cells (ie. Make anobservation of the result)2.Explain the difference in results for the PCR and the RT-PCR from the CD4+ T cells (ie. propose aconclusion)