5. Heparin, a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is used clinically as an anticoagulant. It acts by binding several plasma proteins, including antithrombin II, an inhibitor of blood clotting. The 1:1 binding of heparin to antithrombin III seems to cause a conformational change in the protein that greatly increases its ability to inhibit clotting. What amino acid residues of antithrombin III are likely to interact with heparin?

5. Heparin, a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is used clinically as an anticoagulant. It acts by binding several plasma proteins, including antithrombin II, an inhibitor of blood clotting. The 1:1 binding of heparin to antithrombin III seems to cause a conformational change in the protein that greatly increases its ability to inhibit clotting. What amino acid residues of antithrombin III are likely to interact with heparin?

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter16: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3VCQ: Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels of elF-2 has been observed in patients with...

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4. The strength of ligand-protein binding is a property of the binding site called --------------
1. What are congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs)?
1. What determines the affinity of a glycan for a GBP?
2. A mixture of the following amino acids (glu, leu, val, arg, ser, phe) was obtained upon complete hydrolysis of a hexapeptide. a. Edman’s reagent releases leucine b. Hexapeptide with carboxypeptidase releases serine. c. Hexapeptide with trypsin forms a tripeptide A with leucine at the N terminal and tripeptide B with valine at the N terminal. d. Tripeptide A with carboxypeptidase releases arginine and a dipeptide with glutamic acid at C terminal. e. Tripeptide B with chymotrypsin form releases serine and another dipeptide. Give: 1. the amino acid sequence of tripeptide A and B. 2. the amino acid sequence in the above hexapeptide.
Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels of elF-2 has been observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. What impact do you think this might have on protein synthesis?
6. Please describe the events that may result in a mature protein not having methionine asthe N-terminal amino acid.
3. A biochemist purified a protein from the bloodstream and determined its molecular weight under several conditions. In 8 M urea, which denatures the polypeptide chain, the molecular weight of the protein was 150,000 Da. She found that under reducing conditions the molecular weight of the protein was 75,000 Da, while under oxidizing conditions the molecular weight of the protein was 150,000 Da. Explain these results.
3. How many amino acids are there in the polypeptide (protein)?
1. In a protein, why does when Ala is replaced with Ile, it loses its activity but when Lys is replaced by Arg and Leu to Ile, it only has little effect on protein structure and function? Explain. 2. Why do proteins cannot be denatured reversibly when they are chemically altered to change the chemical composition of certain side chains? Explain.
6. Which amino acid would most likely be found on the surface of a protein molecule at physiological pH? a. Isoleucine b. Lysine c. Alanine d. Proline 7. Which of the following statements about terpenes is NOT true? a. They are a type of terpenoid. b. They all contain double bonds. c. They are all made up of 5-carbon units. d. They all contain oxygen. 8. How are the plasma membranes of mammalian and bacterial cells similar? a. They typically contain cholesterol. b. They have negatively charged lipids on their surfaces. c. They contain lipids that are involved in signal transduction. d. They are made up of many different types of phospholipids.
1. Use the info of this molecule as well as the attached addendum to demonstrate the flow of genetic information to protein sequence as described by the so-called “Central Dogma” . Clearly indicate the direction of your polynucleotide strands and peptide/protein. ATG GCA TGC AAT AGC TCA TGC 2. What would happen to the amino acid sequence if the underlined nucleotide (C) would change to an A?
1) What are the four levels of protein folding. How do you distinguish those different levels? What can denature a protein? 2) What are detergents and why are they useful? How do they basically work? 3) What is meant by amphipathic? What is an example of this?