5.19 1.2 0.5 4 0.33 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.07 -0.02 10 -0.02 11 -0.28 12 -0.37 13 -0.45 14 -1.76 15 -2.8
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
Without external cues such as the sun, people attempting to walk in a straight line tend to walk in circles. It has been suggested that this tendency is due to internal asymmetries between individuals, or that individuals' legs differ in length or strength.
Souman et al. (2009) tested for differences in individuals' tendencies to change direction by blindfolding 15 participants and asking them to walk in a straight line in an empty field. The numbers in this dataset represent median change in direction (or turning angle) of each of the 15 participants, measured in degrees per second. Negative angles = left turns; positive angles = right turns.
Begin by producing a frequency distribution graph of the dataset for yourself.
- Do the data appear to be
normally distributed ? Answer "yes" or "no" - Which direction are people more likely to turn in based on your graph? Answer "right" or "left"
- Is this a 1- or a 2- tailed t-test? (enter either "1" or "2" for your answer)
- Conduct a one-sample t-test. What is your calculated t-value? Answer to 2 decimal places, and include leading zeros:
- Does the mean angle differ significantly from zero? "yes" / "no"
- Based on your test, is the following statement justified? "People have a significant tendency to turn more in one direction, on average, than the other direction." "yes" / "no"
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