552 Cytoplasm АТР Malate Citrate + H* он CHAPTER 18 Oxidative Phosphorylation Inner mitochondrial membrane FIGURE 18.39 Mitochondrial transporters. Transporters (also called carriers) are transmembrane proteins that carry specific ions and charged metabolites across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Matrix Phosphate Malate Phosphate ADP АТР-ADP translocase Dicarboxylate Tricarboxylate carrier Phosphate carrier carrier

552 Cytoplasm АТР Malate Citrate + H* он CHAPTER 18 Oxidative Phosphorylation Inner mitochondrial membrane FIGURE 18.39 Mitochondrial transporters. Transporters (also called carriers) are transmembrane proteins that carry specific ions and charged metabolites across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Matrix Phosphate Malate Phosphate ADP АТР-ADP translocase Dicarboxylate Tricarboxylate carrier Phosphate carrier carrier

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter18: Glycolysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P: Characterizing Glycolysis List the reactions of glycolysis that a. are energy consuming (under...

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Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?
DRAW IT The graph here showsthe pH difference across theinner mitochondrial membraneover time in an actively respiringcell. At the time indicated by thevertical arrow, a metabolic poisonis added that specifically andcompletely inhibits all function ofmitochondrial ATP synthase. Drawwhat you would expect to see forthe rest of the graphed line, andexplain your graph.
Glycolysis Answer 1Choose...Outer Mitochondrial MembraneCytosolInner Mitochondrial MembraneCytosol & Mitochondrial MatrixMitochondrial Matrix Citric Acid Cycle Choose...Outer Mitochondrial MembraneCytosolInner Mitochondrial MembraneCytosol & Mitochondrial MatrixMitochondrial Matrix ATP synthesis Choose...Outer Mitochondrial MembraneCytosolInner Mitochondrial MembraneCytosol & Mitochondrial MatrixMitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Choose...Outer Mitochondrial MembraneCytosolInner Mitochondrial MembraneCytosol & Mitochondrial MatrixMitochondrial Matrix
Urea formation is energetically expensive, requiring theexpenditure of 4 mol of ATP per mole of urea formed.However, NADH is produced when fumarate is reconvertedto aspartate. How many ATP molecules are produced bythe mitochondrial oxidation of the NADH? What is the netATP requirement for urea synthesis?
Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: Present two types of benefits derived from separating the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol from those that occur during the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion.
Considering the chemicalequation of the aerobiccellular respiration whichmolecules does the cell needand which molecules does itliberate in the process?
According to the chemiosmotic theory, what would be theeffect on oxidative phosphorylation of allowing otherpositive ions to diffuse across the inner mitochondrialmembrane?
Assuming that 3 H+ are transported per ATP synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix, the membrane potential difference is 0.18V (negative inside), and the pH difference is 2 unit (acid outside, basic inside), calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant 8.3J/mole, F is 96,485 kJ/V, T in , Co +273)
______________ transfers carnitine from mitochondrial matrix to cytoplasm during the transport of fatty acid to mitochondria. Carnitine acyltransferase I CarnitineacyltransferaseII Transaminase Translocase Citric acid shuttle
In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?