7.1 The following results were obtained for an enzyme-catalysed reaction Substrate concentration (mmol I'): Initial velocity (umol I' min"): 5.0 6.67 10.0 20.0 40.0 147 182 233 323 400 Calculate Km and Vm max
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
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7.1 The following results were obtained for an enzyme-catalysed reaction
Substrate concentration (mmol I'): 5.0
Initial velocity (umol l' min"):
6.67
182
10.0
233
20.0
323
40.0
147
400
Calculate Km and Vma
7.2 Malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction:
(S)-malate + NAD oxaloacetate + NADH + H
The rate of the forward reaction was investigated in the presence of saturating
concentrations of malate and a fixed concentration of enzyme. The following
results were obtained:
Absorbance (at 340 nm) at time t (minutes)
[NAD'] (mmol 1")
t = 0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1.5
0.033 0.056 0.079 0.102
0.036 0.063 0.089 0.116
0.040 0.069
0.043 0.075 0.108 0.140
0.047 0.084 0.121 0.158
0.052 0.095 0.137 0.180
0.122
0.138
2.0
0.138
0.150
0.154
2.5
0.099 0.128
0.168
3.33
5.0
0.163 0.175
0.177 0.184
0.192 0.200
10.0
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