8. LO 4 Show that the consumer is better off with a lump-sum tax rather than a proportional tax on wage income (as in question 3) given that either tax yields the same revenue for the government. You must use a diagram to show this. ( Hint: The consumption bundle the consumer chooses under the proportional tax must be just affordable given the lump-sum tax.)
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- (Last Word) The combined cost of Social Security and Medicare programs was what percent of U.S. GDP in 2008 (A) 7.6 (B) 12.4 (C) 17.2 (D) 2.9If the tax code exempts the first $20,000 of income from taxation and then taxes 25 percent of all income above that level, then a person who earns percent and a marginal tax rate of $50,000 has an average tax rate of percent. O 15, 25 O 25, 15 O 25, 30 O 30, 25Wealth, earnings, and disposable income are just three of several ways of looking at inequality. Imagine a household that earns $80,000 per year from labor. In that year, it also receives an income of $3,000 from investments, pays $12,000 in tax, and receives $7,000 in transfers from the state. Which of the following is its market income and its disposable income? O $83,000; $71,000. O $83,000 $78,000. O $80,000; $68,000. O $80,000; $75,000. J
- Suppose demand and supply are given by: (LO3, LO4)Qx d = 14 − 1/2Px and Qx s = 1/4Px − 1c. How much tax revenue does the government earn with the $12 tax when the new equilibrium quantity is 2 units after tax .9. True or false? If the statement is false, explain why: LO4 a. An internally held public debt is like a debt of the left hand owed to the right hand. b. The Federal Reserve and federal government agencies hold more than half the public debt. c. As a percentage of GDP, the federal debt held by the public was smaller in 2010 than it was in 1990. d. As a percentage of GDP, the total U.S. public debt is the highest such debt among the world’s advanced industrial nations.8. Referring to Fig 4b and the attached table, what is remarkable about the shares of federal individual income taxes paid by the bottom 40% of households by income, since 2002? a) The share of federal individual income taxes paid by the bottom 40% have not changed much. b) The share of federal individual income taxes paid by the bottom 40% have been increasing. c) The share of federal individual income taxes paid by the bottom 40% have been decreasing. d) The share of federal individual income taxes paid by the bottom 40% have turned negative. 9. Referring to Fig 4b, the attached table, and your answers to questions 7 and 8 above, is it reasonable to infer that income tax rate cuts tend to increase the share of taxes paid by top income taxpayers? YES NO 10. in 1979, the share of federal individual income taxes paid by the bottom 80% of taxpayers by income is ______%. 11. In 2007, the share of federal individual…
- Suppose the wage is 80 per hour and that the consumer has 100 hours H to work with. Suppose that the MRS is given by c/(l−10) . What will the consumer’s choices of c and l be. Repeat with an upper bound of 10 hours. Repeat both parts with a 10% tax rate for all income levels. Suppose that the tax rate has two brackets so that income from hours above (1/5)H is taxed at 20 percent. How does the solution change? Suppose that consumers must instead pay a lump sum tax that raises the same tax revenues as the one listed above. How will outcomes change?Crusoe will live this period and the next period as the lone inhabitant of his island. His only income is a crop of 100 coconuts that he harvests at the begin- ning of each period. Coconuts not consumed in the current period spoil at the rate of 10 percent per period. (LO5) a. Draw Crusoe’s intertemporal budget constraint. What will be his consump- tion in each period if he regards future consumption as a perfect, one-for- one substitute for current consumption? b. What will he consume each period if he regards 0.8 unit of future consump- tion as being worth 1 unit of current consumption?Suppose there is a bill to increase the tax on cigarettes by $1 per pack coupled with an income tax cut of $500. Suppose a person smokes an average of 500 packs of cigarettes per year—and would thus face a tax increase of about $500 per year from the cigarette tax at the person’s current level of consumption. The income tax measure would increase the person’s after-tax income by $500. Would the combined measures be likely to have any effect on the person’s consumption of cigarettes? Why or why not?
- 8. Suppose the computer industry receives an initial extra income for $100. Think about the multiplier process in the first round. I). How much more income will the wire industry receive in the first round? O. $20 O. $25 O. $45 O. $55 ii). How much income will local workers receive? O. $20 O. $25 O. $45 O. $55Suppose George made $20,000 last year and that he lives in the country of Harmony. The way Harmony levies income taxes, each citizen must pay 10 percent in taxes on their first $10,000 in earnings and then 50 percent in taxes on anything else they might earn. So given that George earned $20,000 last year, his marginal tax rate on the last dollar he earns will be __________ and his average tax rate for his entire income will be _________________. a. 50 percent; 50 percent. b. 50 percent; less than 50 percent. c. 10 percent; 50 percent. d. 10 percent; less than 50 percent.Suppose demand and supply are given by: (LO3, LO4) Qx d = 14 − 1/2 Px and Qx s = 1/4Px − 1 a. Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. Show the equilibrium graphically. B. Supposed a $ 12 excise tax is imposed on the good. Determine the new equilibrium price and quantity C. How much tax revenue does the government earn with the $12 tax