A 28-year-old woman who is in the final stages of running a marathon on a hot day has regularly consumed Water along the path. She begins to have a severe headache and shows symptoms of being confused. She has been sweating profusely, losing elec- trolytes and, to compensate, has been drinking pure water. Explain the osmotic nature of what is happening in relationship to the movement of water in her blood and brain cells and what should be done to correct the problem.

A 28-year-old woman who is in the final stages of running a marathon on a hot day has regularly consumed Water along the path. She begins to have a severe headache and shows symptoms of being confused. She has been sweating profusely, losing elec- trolytes and, to compensate, has been drinking pure water. Explain the osmotic nature of what is happening in relationship to the movement of water in her blood and brain cells and what should be done to correct the problem.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter15: Fluid And Acid-base Balance

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Some cells lining tubules in the kidneymaintain normal cell volume bysynthesizing organic solutes. Where inthe kidney would you expect to findthese cells? Explain.
What are the main mineralsalts responsible for thecellular osmotic regulation?
Given a selectively permeable membrane that is permeableto water but not to a particular solute and given that thereare different solute concentrations on the two sides of themembrane, show the direction of water movement and labelthe side with the higher osmotic pressure.
A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of________.a. conductionb. convectionc. radiationd. evaporation
difference between the fluxes of a solute moving in two opposite diretion is alled what
1. hyponatraemia occurs when serum sodium levels drop too much. Why do you think drinkingdeionized water would result in low blood sodium levels? (Think about solute diffusion)2. Think back to the concepts we learned in lecture. Explain why low serum sodium levelswould cause water to move into brain cells.3. According to the article, was the individual's excessive water intake related to physiologicalor psychological symptoms? Explain your reasoning4. What could have the individual added to her water to prevent this from happening, and whywould this have prevented hyponatraemia? Incorporate your knowledge of concentrationgradients and diffusion.5. Over-hydration can be treated if caught in its early stages. What do you think would be thequickest way to restore the patient's serum sodium levels?
Blood volume must be restored in a person who has lost large amounts of blood due to serious injury. This is often accomplished by infusing isotonic NaCl solution into the blood. Why is this more effective than infusing an isoosmotic solution of a penetrating solute, such as urea?
The major cation in extracellular fluid is ________.a. sodiumb. potassiumc. chlorided. bicarbonate
Define osmosis, and describe how osmotic pressure iscreated. As the concentration of a solution increases, whathappens to its osmotic pressure and to the tendency forwater to move into the solution?
Carbonic acid levels are controlled through the ________.a. respiratory systemb. renal systemc. digestive systemd. metabolic rate of cells
What is the osmolarity of the solution? Is it hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic with blood plasma (0.30 osmol)? Discuss possible medicinal reasons forthe osmolarity of the solution.
If we intake very highly concentrated sugar/salt solution, then what types of osmotic effects may occur?