(a) Is there a relationship between the observations collected in 1968 and 2008? Or are the observations in the two groups independent? Explain. (b) Write hypotheses for this research in symbols and in words. (c) Check the conditions required to complete this test.

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Is there strong evidence of global warming? Let's consider a small scale example, comparing
how temperatures have changed in the US from 1968 to 2008. The daily high temperature
reading on January 1 was collected in 1968 and 2008 for 51 randomly selected locations in the
continental US. Then the difference between the two readings (temperature in 2008 -
temperature in 1968) was calculated for each of the 51 different locations. The average of these
51 values was 1.1 degrees with a standard deviation of 4.9 degrees. We are interested in
determining whether these data provide strong evidence of temperature warming in the
continental US.
(a) Is there a relationship between the observations collected in 1968 and 2008? Or are the
observations in the two groups independent? Explain.
(b) Write hypotheses for this research in symbols and in words.
(c) Check the conditions required to complete this test.
(d) Calculate the test statistic and find the p-value.
(e) What do you conclude? Interpret your conclusion in context.
(f) Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the average difference between the temperature
measurements between 1968 and 2008. Interpret this interval in context.
(g) Does the confidence interval provide convincing evidence that the temperature was higher
in 2008 than in 1968 in the continental US? Explain.
Transcribed Image Text:Is there strong evidence of global warming? Let's consider a small scale example, comparing how temperatures have changed in the US from 1968 to 2008. The daily high temperature reading on January 1 was collected in 1968 and 2008 for 51 randomly selected locations in the continental US. Then the difference between the two readings (temperature in 2008 - temperature in 1968) was calculated for each of the 51 different locations. The average of these 51 values was 1.1 degrees with a standard deviation of 4.9 degrees. We are interested in determining whether these data provide strong evidence of temperature warming in the continental US. (a) Is there a relationship between the observations collected in 1968 and 2008? Or are the observations in the two groups independent? Explain. (b) Write hypotheses for this research in symbols and in words. (c) Check the conditions required to complete this test. (d) Calculate the test statistic and find the p-value. (e) What do you conclude? Interpret your conclusion in context. (f) Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the average difference between the temperature measurements between 1968 and 2008. Interpret this interval in context. (g) Does the confidence interval provide convincing evidence that the temperature was higher in 2008 than in 1968 in the continental US? Explain.
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