Answered: A laser emits light of wavelength 400…

A laser emits light of wavelength 400 nm through a circular opening 2.3 mm wide. What is the width of the beam (in mm) at a distance 7 meters away? О a. 4.6 ОЬ. 1.5 О с. 1.1 O d. 3.0

Physics for Scientists and Engineers

10th Edition

ISBN:9781337553278

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter36: Wave Optics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P: A film of MgF2 (n = 1.38) having thickness 1.00 105 cm is used to coat a camera lens. (a) What are...

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The Very Large Array (VLA) is a set of 27 radio telescope dishes in Catron and Socorro counties, New Mexico (Fig. P37.37). The antennas can be moved apart on railroad tracks, and their combined signals give the resolving power of a synthetic aperture 36.0 km in diameter. (a) If the detectors are tuned to a frequency of 1.40 GHz, what is the angular resolution of the VLA? (b) Clouds of interstellar hydrogen radiate at the frequency used in part (a). What must be the separation distance of two clouds at the center of the galaxy, 26 000 light-years away, if they are to be resolved? (c) What If? As the telescope looks up, a circling hawk looks down. Assume the hawk is most sensitive to green light having a wavelength of 500 nm and has a pupil of diameter 12.0 mm. Find the angular resolution of the hawks eye. (d) A mouse is on the ground 30.0 m below. By what distance must the mouses whiskers be separated if the hawk can resolve them? Figure P37.37
A laser beam with vacuum wavelength 632.8 nm is incident from air onto a block of Lucite as shown in Figure 35.10b. The line of sight of the photograph is perpendicular to like plane in which the light moves. Find (a) the speed, (b) the frequency, and (c) the wavelength of the light in the Lucite. Suggestion: Use a protractor.
Figure 27.34 shows two glass slides illuminated by pure-wavelength light incident perpendicularly. The top slide touches the bottom slide at one end and rests on a 0.100-mm-diameter hair at the other end, forming a wedge of air. (a) How far apart are the dark bands, if the slides are 7.50 cm long and 589-nm light is used? (b) Is there any difference if the slides are made from crown or flint glass? Explain.
What If? Suppose light strikes a single slit of width a at an angle from the perpendicular direction as shown in Figure P37.6. Show that Equation 37.1, the condition for destructive interference, must be modified to read sindark=masinm=1,2,3,
A film of MgF2 (n = 1.38) having thickness 1.00 105 cm is used to coat a camera lens. (a) What are the three longest wavelengths that are intensified in the reflected light? (b) Are any of these wavelengths in the visible spectrum?
A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of a laser beam and limit diffraction spreading. The laser beam is sent through the telescope in opposite the normal direction and can then be projected onto a satellite or the Moon. (a) If this is done with the Mount Wilson telescope, producing a 2.54-m-diameter beam of 633-nm light, what is the minimum angular spread of the beam? (b) Neglecting atmospheric effects, what is the size of the spot this beam would make on the Moon, assuming a lunar distance of 3.84108 m?
(a) Find the angle of the third diffraction minimum for 633-nm light falling on a slit of width 20.0 m. (b) What slit width would place this minimum at 85.0°? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in Problem-Solving Strategies for Wave Optics
A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of diameter D. Light from distant objects passes through the aperture into an otherwise dark box, falling on a screen at the other end of I lie box. The aperture in a pinhole camera has diameter D = 0.600 mm. Two point sources of light of wavelength 550 mil are at a distance L from the hole. The separation between the sources is 2.80 cm, and they are just resolved by the camera. What is I?
Review. A beam of 541-nm light is incident on a diffraction grating that has 400 grooves/mm. (a) Determine the angle of the second-order ray. (b) What If? If the entire apparatus is immersed in water, what is the new second-order angle of diffraction? (c) Show that the two diffracted rays of parts (a) and (b) are related through the law of refraction.
Figure P38.10 on the next page shows a monochromatic beam of light of wavelength 575 nm incident on a slab of crown glass surrounded by air. Use a protractor to measure the angles of incidence and refraction. a. What is the speed of the beam of light within the glass slab? b. What is the frequency of the beam of light within the glass slab? c. What is the wavelength of the beam of light within the glass slab? FIGURE P38.10
Unreasonable Results (a) What visible wavelength has its fourth-order maximum at an angle of 25.0° when projected on a 25,000-line-per-centimeter diffraction grating? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
The laser in a compact disc player must precisely follow the spiral track on CD, along which the distance between one loop of the spiral and the next is only about 1.25 m. Figure P38.29 (page 1186) shows how a diffraction grating is used to provide information to keep the beam on track. The laser light passes through a diffraction grating before it reaches the CD. The strong central maximum of the diffraction pattern is used to read the information in the track of pits. The two first-order side maxima are designed to fall on the flat surfaces on both sides of the information track and are used for steering. As long as both beams are reflecting from smooth, nonpitted .surfaces, they are detected with constant high intensity. If the main beam wanders off the track, however, one of the side beams begins to strike pits on the information track and the reflected light diminishes. This change is used with an electronic circuit to guide the beam back to the desired location. Assume the laser light has a wavelength of 780 11m and the diffraction grating is positioned 6.90 m from tike disk. Assume the first-order beams are to fall on the CD 0.400 m on either side of the information track. What should be the number of grooves per millimeter in the grating?