A manufacturer has set up a plant for producing electrolytic chromium from high-carbon ferrochrome. The plant took three years to build according to the following schedule. End of Year M$ 1 Engineering Design 15 Land purchase 2 Plant construction 5 50 Plant construction 65 Working capital 15 Total (M$) 150 Production began just after the end of year 3 and continued as presented below. End of Year Production, M Ibs Price $/lb Annual Cost (M$) Tax rate 4 66 1.65 46 0.5 66 1.65 48 0.5 66 1.65 50 0.5 7 66 1.65 52 0.5 8 66 1.65 60 0.5 66 1.75 65 0.5 10 66 1.75 70 0.5 11 66 1.75 75 0.5 12 40 1.75 55 0.5 13 40 1.75 50 0.5 9,
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Assume a simple straight-line
1) Calculate the simple payback period using average annual net cash flow.
2) Calculate the pre-tax
3) Calculate the after-tax NPV for each year from year 0 to year 13.
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- The activity of moving materials uses four forklifts, each leased for 18,000 per year. A forklift is capable of making 5,000 moves per year, where a move is defined as a round trip from the plant to the warehouse and back. During the year, a total of 18,000 moves were made. What is the cost of the unused capacity for the moving goods activity? a. 5,400 b. 1,800 c. 7,200 d. 3,600St. Johns Medical Center (SJMC) has five medical technicians who are responsible for conducting cardiac catheterization testing in SJMCs Cath Lab. Each technician is paid a salary of 36,000 and is capable of conducting 1,000 procedures per year. The cardiac catheterization equipment is one year old and was purchased for 250,000. It is expected to last five years. The equipments capacity is 25,000 procedures over its life. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis, with no salvage value expected. The reading of the catheterization results is conducted by an outside physician whose fee is 120 per test. The technicians report with the outside physicians note of results is sent to the referring physician. In addition to the salaries and equipment, SJMC spends 50,000 for supplies and other costs needed to operate the equipment (assuming 5,000 procedures are conducted). When SJMC purchased the equipment, it fully expected to perform 5,000 procedures per year. In fact, during its first year of operation, 5,000 procedures were run. However, a larger hospital has established a clinic in the city and will siphon off some of SJMCs business. During the coming years, SJMC expects to run only 4,200 cath procedures yearly. SJMC has been charging 850 for the procedureenough to cover the direct costs of the procedure plus an assignment of general overhead (e.g., depreciation on the hospital building, lighting and heating, and janitorial services). At the beginning of the second year, an HMO from a neighboring community approached SJMC and offered to send its clients to SJMC for cardiac catheterization provided that the charge per procedure would be 550. The HMO estimates that it can provide about 500 patients per year. The HMO has indicated that the arrangement is temporaryfor one year only. The HMO expects to have its own testing capabilities within one year. Required: 1. Classify the resources associated with the cardiac catheterization activity into one of the following: (1) committed resources, or (2) flexible resources. 2. Calculate the activity rate for the cardiac catheterization activity. Break the activity rate into fixed and variable components. Now, classify each activity resource as relevant or irrelevant with respect to the following alternatives: (1) accept the HMO offer, or (2) reject the HMO offer. Explain your reasoning. 3. Assume that SJMC will accept the HMO offer if it reduces the hospitals operating costs. Should the HMO offer be accepted? 4. Jerold Bosserman, SJMCs hospital controller, argued against accepting the HMOs offer. Instead, he argued that the hospital should be increasing the charge per procedure rather than accepting business that doesnt even cover full costs. He also was concerned about local physician reaction if word got out that the HMO was receiving procedures for 550. Discuss the merits of Jerolds position. Include in your discussion an assessment of the price increase that would be needed if the objective is to maintain total revenues from cardiac catheterizations experienced in the first year of operation. 5. Chandra Denton, SJMCs administrator, has been informed that one of the Cath Lab technicians is leaving for an opportunity at a larger hospital. She met with the other technicians, and they agreed to increase their hours to pick up the slack so that SJMC wont need to hire another technician. By working a couple hours extra every week, each remaining technician can perform 1,050 procedures per year. They agreed to do this for an increase in salary of 2,000 per year. How does this outcome affect the analysis of the HMO offer? 6. Assuming that SJMC wants to bring in the same revenues earned in the cardiac catheterization activitys first year less the reduction in resource spending attributable to using only four technicians, how much must SJMC charge for a procedure?Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)
- Zippy Inc. manufactures a fuel additive, Surge, which has a stable selling price of 44 per drum. The company has been producing and selling 80,000 drums per month. In connection with your examination of Zippys financial statements for the year ended September 30, management has asked you to review some computations made by Zippys cost accountant. Your working papers disclose the following about the companys operations: Standard costs per drum of product manufactured: Materials: Costs and expenses during September: Chemicals: 645,000 gallons purchased at a cost of 1,140,000; 600,000 gallons used. Empty drums: 94,000 purchased at a cost of 94,000; 80,000 drums used. Direct labor: 81,000 hours worked at a cost of 816,480. Factory overhead: 768,000. Required: Calculate the following for September, using the formulas on pages 421422 and 424 (Round unit costs to the nearest whole cent and compute the materials variances for both Surge and for the drums.): 1. Materials quantity variance. 2. Materials purchase price variance. 3. Labor efficiency variance. 4. Labor rate variance.Company Alpha has been constructing a new piece of plant over the past 18 months which is due to come into use on 1 August 2015. The following information is available. $ List price of materials 10,000,000 Trade discount given on materials 5% Delivery costs 500,000 Installation costs 2,000,000 Staff training 25,000 Pre production testing 100,000 A loan was taken out to finance the plant and the interest accrued on this loan is $50,000. Management invested the loan proceeds in a deposit account before it was needed which generated interest of $10,000. The asset has a useful life of 5 years and has no residual value. Show the extracts from the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2015 and the statement of financial position at that date. For any items not included in calculating the cost rice of the asset an explanation should be given.On December 31 Y1, the Company ARL develop a Product: Master 3D. The disbursement associate to the Product are the following: Research $6,000,000 and Development $4,000,000. The criteria have been met for recognition of the development costs as an asset. Product Master D will be in the market in Year 2 and is expected to marketable for 5 years. Total sales of the product are estimated at $100,000,000. Instructions: Using IAS 38, determine the effect of the Research & Development costs have on Company’s Net Income. Answer the following questions. 1. Choose one and explain Net Income using IFRS will be in Year 1: a. Higher by $________ larger than U.S. GAAP income. b. Lower by $________ larger than U.S. GAAP income. c. Both will be the same. 2. Explanation: 3. Year 3 (ending balance) Determine the Book Value of the asset 4. Explanation:
- On December 31 Y1, the Company ARL develop a Product: Master 3D. The disbursement associate to the Product are the following: Research $6,000,000 and Development $4,000,000. The criteria have been met for recognition of the development costs as an asset. Product Master D will be in the market in Year 2 and is expected to marketable for 5 years. Total sales of the product are estimated at $100,000,000. Instructions: Using IAS 38, determine the effect of the Research & Development costs have on Company’s Net Income. Answer the following questions. 1. Choose one and explain Net Income using IFRS will be in Year 1: a. Higher by $________ larger than U.S. GAAP income. b. Lower by $________ larger than U.S. GAAP income. c. Both will be the same. 2. Explanation: 3. Year 3 (ending balance) Determine the Book Value of the asset 4. Explanation: Show you computations.Allen International, Inc., manufactures chemicals. It needs to acquire a new piece of production equipment to work on production for a large order that Allen has received. The order is for a period of three years, and atthe end of that time the machine would be sold. Allen has received two supplier quotations, both of which will provide the required service. Quotation I has a first cost of $180,000 and an estimated salvage value of$50,000 at the end of three years. Its cost for operation and maintenance is estimated at $28,000 per year. Quotation II has a first cost of $200,000 and an estimated salvage value of $60,000 at the end of three years. Its cost for operation and maintenance is estimated at $17,000 per year. The company pays income tax at a rate of 40% on ordinary income and 28% on depreciation recovery. The machine will be depreciated using MACRS-GDS (asset class 28.0). Allen uses an after-tax MARR of 12% for economic analysis, and it plans to accept whichever of these two…A company purchases a component, which is critical in the production process, from an international supplier. Recently, quality problems with this component have increased. For this reason, managers of the company are considering of producing this part in-house. The economic life of the new production system will be 8 years. The savings and expenditures related to the new production system are given below. The MARR is 15%. According to the information, answer the questions from 8 to 9. Capital expenditures (Investment costs): Building: 500,000 TL Machines and equipment: 2,200,000 TL The annual saving from material and quality control: 5,000,000 TL Annual operating cost: 1,500,000 TL Annual income tax: 800,000 TL Salvage value: 1,500,000 TL 8. What is the discounted payback period of the new production system? A.Less than 1 year B.1 year C.between 1 and 2 years D.between 2 and 3 years 9. What is the net present worth of the new production system? A.9,415,000 TL…
- The directors of Pelta Co are considering a planned investment project costing $25m, payableat the start of the first year of operation. The following information relates to the investmentproject:Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4Sales volume (units/year) 520,000 624,000 717,000 788,000Selling price ($/unit) 30·00 30·00 30·00 30·00Variable costs ($/unit) 10·00 10·20 10·61 10·93Fixed costs ($/year) 700,000 735,000 779,000 841,000This information needs adjusting to take account of selling price inflation of 4% per year andvariable cost inflation of 3% per year. The fixed costs, which are incremental and related to theinvestment project, are in nominal terms. The year 4 sales volume is expected to continue forthe foreseeable future.Pelta Co pays corporation tax of 30% one year in arrears. The company can claim tax-allowabledepreciation on a 25% reducing balance basis.The views of the directors of Pelta Co are that all investment projects must be evaluated overfour years of operations, with an…On January 1, Manning Co. purchases and installs a new machine costing $324,000 with a five-year life and an estimated $30,000 salvage value. Management estimates the machine will produce 1,470,000 units of product during its life. Actual production of units is as follows: 355,600 in Year 1, 320,400 in Year 2, 317,000 in Year 3, 343,600 in Year 4, and 138,500 in Year 5. The total number of units produced by the end of Year 5 exceeds the original estimate—this difference was not predicted. Note: The machine cannot be depreciated below its estimated salvage value. Required: Prepare a table Units-of-production: Year Number of Units Depreciation per Unit Depreciation Expense 1 2 3 4 5 Totals Double-declining-balance: Year Beginning Book Value Annual Depreciation (40% of book value) Accumulated Depreciation at Year-End Ending Book Value ($324,000 Cost less Accumulated Depreciation) 1 2…You are considering two types of machines fora manufacturing process.◼◼ Machine A has a first cost of $75,200, and itssalvage value at the end of six years of estimatedservice life is $21,000. The operating costs ofthis machine are estimated to be $6,800 per year.Extra income taxes are estimated at $2,400 peryear.◼◼ Machine B has a first cost of $44,000, and itssalvage value at the end of six years’ service isestimated to be negligible. The annual operatingcosts will be $11,500.Compare these two mutually exclusive alternativesby the present-worth method at i = 13%