A mixture of n-heptane, tetrahydrofurane, 2-butanone, and n- propanol elutes in this order when using a polar stationary phase such a Carbowax. The elution order is exactly the opposite when using a nonpolar stationary phase such as polydimethylsiloxane. Explain the order of elution in each case.
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- Carboxylic acids, including fatty acids and benzoic acids, are often present inboth municipal and industrial effluents. Describe a sample preparationcombined with GC method for identification and determination of carboxylicacids in raw wastewater at ppb (µg L-1) level. Point out a suitable samplepreparation technique and GC conditions in details and give justifications foryour choiceHexanoic acid was added to an immiscible biphasic solvent sysem, water and CCl4 at 20.0OC and the equilibrium concentrations of hexanoic acid were determined to be 3.66 g/L in H2O and 67.0 g/L in CCl4. Caluclate the distrubution coeffiecent (D1) of hexanoic acid in CCl4 with respect to water.Given the borax reaction: Na22B44O5(OH)4 × 8H2O(s) <=> 2Na+(aq) + B4O5(OH)42-(aq) + 8H2O(l) What would be the Ksp of borax at 40°C if the solubility of borax is 0.8 mol L-1 at that temperature?
- The Ksp of Cu3 (AsO4)2 at 25^0C is 7.6×10^-36. What is the molar solubility of Cu3 (AsO4)2 in water at 25^0C?Calculate the solubility of H2S in pure water. Ksp = 1x10-54 Ka1 = 6x10-8 Ka2 = 1,2x10-15Transfer 3-4 drops or a pinch of the test compound (Acetanilide) to 3 ml of the solvents, 5% NaOH and 5% NaHCO3 Shake the mixture thoroughly. The time required for the solute to dissolve in the solvent should not be more than 2 minutes. Indicate with (+) or (-) if the test compound is soluble or insoluble in the solvent. What is the theoretical solubility of Acetanilide in 5% NaOH? _______ What is the theoretical solubility of Acetanilide in 5% NaHCO3? _______
- How to prepare 250cm3 of a solution of carbonate with concentration 0.100 mol dm-30.641 g of a semi-synthetic alkaloid was dissolved in 25 ml of 1% w/v acetic acid and wasanalysed directly by HPLC. The solution was found to contain 1.42 mg/100 ml of an impurity.What is the level of impurity in % w/w and ppm? Calculate the pH of a buffer system made by dissolving 1.2 g of acetic acid and 0.82 g ofsodium acetate in 500 ml of distilled water (pKa of acetic acid = 4.7)What is the pH of a saturated solution of sodium carbonate? (Solubility in water is 21.6g/100ml at rtp and for carbonic acid Ka1 = 4.5×10^-7, Ka2 = 4.7×10^-11)
- Acetaminophen or paracetamol, the active ingredient in many pain killers absorbs in the UV range with a λmax at 250 nm in neutral solutions (methanol usually). Its extinction coefficient is 14 mM-1cm-1. Each commercially available tablet (Tylenol, Panadol or Herron) contains 500 mg paracetamol. Its molecular weight is 151.1. Using this information, calculate the dilution required to analyse the concentration of paracetamol in a commercially available paracetamol tablet. Start by dissolving the tablet in 100 mL methanol. Show working out.Transfer 3-4 drops or a pinch of the test compound (Acetanilide) to 3 ml of the solvents, 5% NaOH and 5% HCL Shake the mixture thoroughly. The time required for the solute to dissolve in the solvent should not be more than 2 minutes. Indicate with (+) or (-) if the test compound is soluble or insoluble in the solvent. What is the solubility class of Acetanilide in 5% NaOH? (Very soluble, freely soluble, soluble, sparingly soluble, slightly soluble, very slighlty soluble, practically insoluble) What is the solubility class of Acetanilde in 5% HCL? (Very soluble, freely soluble, soluble, sparingly soluble, slightly soluble, very slighlty soluble, practically insoluble)The separation and purification processes given below and the method used against them are given. Which or which of these pairings are correct? I. Brewing of tea - ExtractionII. Purification of water impurities - ChromatographyIII. Separating olive pomace from olive oil while producing olive oil-DecantationIV.Petroleum fractions obtaining - Ordinary distillationV. Obtaining essential oils and using them in perfume making - Water-steam distillationA. I, II, III, IVB. I, II, III, IV, VC. I, IV, VD. I, II, III, VE. I, II, V