A researcher is adminstering drugs to mice as part of an approved study and is selecting the drug or placebo from clearly labeled containers. The mice have been randomly assigned to either one of two treatment groups or the control group and the researcher is following a printed chart that links each animal to their group. What kind of experiment is this? single-blind experiment double-blind experiment clinical trial O fully-blind experiment
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- What is meant by the sample space of an experiment?A researcher is conducting an experimental study on the effect of aspirin on heart attack risk. In order to assign who will receive aspirin and who will receive a placebo, she first divides her study into three age groups (18-29, 30-49, and 50 or older). She then randomly assigns individuals within these age groups to either receive aspirin or the placebo. This is an example of a cluster ?A sociologist wants to investigate the question, "Is there a relationship between texting during class and grade-point-average (GPA) among high school seniors in a large district?" Which study design is most appropriate? Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester, obtain each student’s GPA from the appropriate admissions and records office. Compare the GPA of students who routinely text during class to the GPA of students who do not text during class. Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester,…
- A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey supported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey supported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). Data are provided in the table below.…A researcher is interested in estimating the extent to which posting caloric labels on menus changes the number of calories consumed by patrons. To test the impact of posting caloric labels on menu items, the analyst created two menus for the same restaurant: One menu with caloric labels and one menu without. As soon as restaurant guests entered the restaurant, they were randomly assigned one of the two types of menus. For the sake of clarity, guests assigned the menu with caloric labels are referred to as “Group 1” or the “treatment group”. Likewise, guests assigned the menu without caloric labels are referred to as “Group 2” or the control group. The analyst then collected data detailing how many calories each guest consumed as well as recording the age of each guest. The variable Cal1 denotes the number of calories consumed by guests who were assigned to the treatment group 1, while the variable Cal2 denotes the number of calories consumed by guests who were assigned to the control…In a study of violent victimization of women and men, Porcerelli et al. (A-2) collected information from 679 women and 345 men aged 18 to 64 years at several family practice centers in the metropolitan Detroit area. Patients filled out a health history questionnaire that included a question about victimization. The following table shows the sample subjects cross-classified by sex and the type of violent victimization reported. The victimization categories are defined as no victimization, partner victimization (and not by others), victimization by persons other than partners (friends, family members, or strangers), and those who reported multiple victimization. No Victimization Partners Nonpartners Multiple Victimization Total Women 611 34 16 18 679 Men 308 10 17 10 345 Total 919 44 33 28 1024 Source: Data provided courtesy of John H. Porcerelli, Ph.D., Rosemary Cogan, Ph.D. (a) Suppose we pick a subject at random from this group. What is the probability that this subject will be a…
- In a study of violent victimization of women and men, Porcerelli et al. (A-2) collected information from 679 women and 345 men aged 18 to 64 years at several family practice centers in the metropolitan Detroit area. Patients filled out a health history questionnaire that included a question about victimization. The following table shows the sample subjects cross-classified by sex and the type of violent victimization reported. The victimization categories are defined as no victimization, partner victimization (and not by others), victimization by persons other than partners (friends, family members, or strangers), and those who reported multiple victimization. No Victimization Partners Nonpartners Multiple Victimization Total Women 611 34 16 18 679 Men 308 10 17 10 345 Total 919 44 33 28 1024 Source: Data provided courtesy of John H. Porcerelli, Ph.D., Rosemary Cogan, Ph.D. (d) If we pick a subject at random, what is the probability that the subject will be a woman and have…A sample of 250 high school students were asked, “If you had $1000 to contribute to one kind of charitableorganization, which type of organization would you choose? Here is a two-way table that displays data ongender and response to this question. Which of the following conclusions seems to be supported by the data?(a) Most of the females who chose a health organization would have chosen an environmental organizationas their second choice, had they been asked.(b) There is no association between gender and choice of organization.(c) The proportion of males who said they would contribute to an environmental organization is higher thanthe proportion of females who said they would contribute such an organization.(d) None of the students surveyed said they would contribute to religious organizations.(e) The marginal relative frequencies of organization are 140, 110.The cross-tabulation table below shows partial results from a study done at the June Mountain ski area. Patrons were asked whether they preferred snowboarding or skiing. If a person is randomly selected from the study and the person selected prefers snowboarding, how likely is it that the person selected is 25 to 40 years old?
- The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and the Soap and Detergent Association (SDA) jointly commissioned two separate studies during 2007, both of which were conducted by Harris Interactive. In one of the studies, 1001 adults were interviewed by telephone and asked about their hand-washing habits. In the other study, the hand-washing behavior of 6076 adults was inconspicuously observed within public restrooms in four U.S. cities. Address the following: a. In the telephone interviews, 921 of the adults said they always wash their hands in public restrooms. Use this result to obtain a point estimate for the proportion of adults who say they always wash their hands in public restrooms. b. Verify that the requirements for constructing a confidence interval for p from part (a) are satisfied. c. Using the results from the telephone interviews, construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of adults who say they always wash their hands in public restrooms. d. Is it…The manager of a fleet automobiles is testing two brands of radial tires and assigns one tire of each brand at random to the two rear wheels of eight cars and runs the cars until the tires wear out. The data (in kilometers) follow. Car Brand 1 Brand 2 1 36,925 34,3182 45,300 42,2803 36,240 35,5004 32,100 31,9505 37,210 38,0156 48,360 47,8007 38,200 37,8108 33,500 33,215 Do the data suggest that the two brands of radial tires prove the same mean life? Use ? = 0.01.The drug X is marketed to help protect against male pattern baldness, and it also may protect against prostate cancer. A large sampleof healthy men over age 60 were randomly assigned to receive either a daily drug X pill or a placebo. The study lasted nine years and the men had annual check-ups and a biopsy at the end of the study. Prostate cancer was found in 815 of 4368 men taking drug X and in 1176 of the 4698 men taking a placebo. What kind of a study is this and what mesure of assocation (rd, rr, or) can be used and why?
