A steel cylinder containing compressed air is stored in a fermentation laboratory ready to provide aerationgas to a small-scale bioreactor. The capacity of the cylinder is 48 liters, the absolute pressure is 0.35 MPaand the temperature is 22°C. One day in mid-summer when the air conditioning breaks down, thetemperature in the laboratory rises to 33°C and the valve at the top of the cylinder is accidentally left open.Estimate the proportion of air that will be lost.

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Answered: A steel cylinder containing compressed…

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter12: Thermodynamic Processes And Thermochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 81AP

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The principal reaction in a series of complex reactions performed by microorganisms involved in wine making is the conversion of sugars into alcohol in a process known as fermentation. The starting concentration of sugars determines the final alcohol content and the sweetness of the wine. Adjusting the specific gravity of the stock solution achieves the desired quality of the wine. Assuming the sugars in the stock solution with a specific gravity of 1.075 are all C12H22011 equivalent to 12.75% wt., calculate the following:a) How much is the amount of sugar per kg of water?b) How many lbs of solution is present in a cubic feet of solution?c) What is the weight of sugar in grams for every liter of solution?
The label has come off a cylinder of gas in your laboratory. You know only that one species of gas is contained in the cylinder, but you do not know whether it is hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. To find out, you evacuate a 5-liter flask, seal it and weigh it, then let gas from the cylinder flow into it until the gauge pressure equals 1.00 atm. The flask is reweighed, and the mass of the added gas is found to be 13.0 g. Room temperature is 27°C, and barometric pressure is 1.00 atm. What is the gas?
A gas mixture at 300K and 1 bar analyzing by volume 20% N2 and 80% CH4 is subjected to liquefaction at the rate of 1500 kg/hr. It is found that only 30% (weight) of the entering gas is liquefied and the concentration of N2 in the liquid is 60% by weight. The unliquefied gas leaves the unit at 273K and 1 bar. Determine (a) the volume of the unliquefied gas, m3/hr (b) the composition of the gas leaving expressed as volume %.
1. A perfect gas undergoes compression at constant temperature, which reduces its volumeby 3.08 dm3. The final pressure and volume of the gas are 6.42 bar and 5.38 dm3, respectively. Calculate the original pressure of the gas in (a) bar, (b) atm. 2. Consider an isothermal column of an ideal gas at 25oC. What must be the molar mass ofthis gas be if the pressure is 0.80 of its ground level value at (a) 10km and (b) 1km ? Please show complete solutions
Gypsum (plaster of Paris : CaSO,. 2H,0) is produced by the reaction of calcium carbonate and sulfuric acid. A certain lime stone analyzes: CaCO, 96.89 %; MgCO, 1.41 %; inerts 1.70 %. For 5 metric tons of limestone reacted completely, determine: a. kg of anhydrous gypsum (CaSO,) produced. b. kg of sulfuric acid solution (98 wt%) required.
The gas A(g) (1 mole) undergoes a two-step process one after another as described below :i) The gas is expanded at 25°C and from 1 bar pressure against a constant pressure of 0.2 bar and the final volume of the gas is the twice the initial volume.ii) The gas is cooled down to -25°C at constant volume.Cv,m = 3/2 RCalculate ΔU, ΔH, q and w for the each step and for the entire process
In the primary stage, a mixture of steam and methane at about 30 atm is heated over a nickel catalyst at 800°C to give hydrogen and carbon monoxide: CH4 (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ CO (g) + 3H2 (g) ΔH°=260 kJ/mol The secondary stage is carried out at about 1000°C, in the presence of air, to convert the remaining methane to hydrogen: CH4 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) ⇌ CO (g) + 2 H2 (g) ΔH°=35.7 kJ/mol (a) What conditions of temperature and pressure would favor the formation of products in both the primary and secondary stage? (b) The equilibrium constant Kc for the primary stage is 18 at 800°C. Calculate Kp for the reaction. (c) If the partial pressures of methane and steam were both 15 atm at the start, what are the pressures of all the gases at equilibrium? Thank you so much!
A closed container with constant volume insulated against heat is divided into two compartments by a steel curtain. Achamber contains 2 kg of water at 800 kPa pressure and 80 oC temperature. The other compartment isis empty (vacuum). Then the steel curtain is removed and the water fills the whole container. EndIn the equilibrium state, since the pressure of the water is 10 kPa, the final temperature of the water andCalculate the volume of the tank.
Wet sugar that contains one-fifth water by mass is conveyed through an evaporator in which 85.0%of the entering water is vaporized. Taking a basis of 100 kg feed, calculate (i) , the mass fraction ofwater in the wet sugar leaving the evaporator, and (ii) the ratio (kg H2O vaporized/kg wet sugarleaving the evaporator).
a cylinder was connected to an open ended U-tube (1 atm) containing some mercury, Hg (density=13.6gcm^-3), and the Hg was displaced 100mm towards the container. What is the pressure of the gas inside the container?
Determine the specific weight, specific gravity, and mass of the natural gas (80% methane, 15% ethane and 5% propane) in a 2-m diameter cylindrical tank that is 5.4-ft long at 1.35 bar and 113°F.
To evaluate the use of renewable resources, an experiment was carried out with rice hulls. After pyrolysis, the product gas analyzed 6.4% CO2, 0.1% O2, 39% CO, 51.8% H2, 0.6% CH4, and 2.1% N2. It entered a combustion chamber at 90 °F and a pressure of 35.0 in. Hg and was burned with 40% excess air (dry) at 70 °F and an atmospheric pressure of 29.4 in. Hg; 10% of the CO remains. a. How many cubic feet of air were supplied per cubic foot of entering gas? b. How many cubic feet of product gas were produced per cubic foot of entering gas if the exit gas was at 29.4 in. Hg and 400 °F?

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