A temperature sensor may be modeled as a sphere having a thermal conductivity of 91 W/m-K, a density of 8900 kg/m³, and a specific heat of 444 J/kg-K. If the sphere diameter is 3 mm, determine the time required for the sensor to respond to 95% of a step change in the temperature of the convective environment. The heat transfer coefficient is 1000 W/m²-K.

A temperature sensor may be modeled as a sphere having a thermal conductivity of 91 W/m-K, a density of 8900 kg/m³, and a specific heat of 444 J/kg-K. If the sphere diameter is 3 mm, determine the time required for the sensor to respond to 95% of a step change in the temperature of the convective environment. The heat transfer coefficient is 1000 W/m²-K.

Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305387102

Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Publisher:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Chapter1: Basic Modes Of Heat Transfer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.17P: The heat transfer rate from hot air by convection at 100C flowing over one side of a flat plate with...

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3.16 A large, 2.54-cm.-thick copper plate is placed between two air streams. The heat transfer coefficient on one side is and on the other side is . If the temperature of both streams is suddenly changed from 38°C to 93°C, determine how long it takes for the copper plate to reach a temperature of 82°C.
1.10 A heat flux meter at the outer (cold) wall of a concrete building indicates that the heat loss through a wall of 10-cm thickness is . If a thermocouple at the inner surface of the wall indicates a temperature of 22°C while another at the outer surface shows 6°C, calculate the thermal conductivity of the concrete and compare your result with the value in Appendix 2, Table 11.
A high-speed computer is located in a temperature-controlled room at 26C. When the machine is operating, its internal heat generation rate is estimated to be 800 W. The external surface temperature of the computer is to be maintained below 85C. The heat transfer coefficient for the surface of the computer is estimated to be 10W/m2K. What surface area would be necessary to assure safe operation of this machine? Comment on ways to reduce this area.
1.19 A cryogenic fluid is stored in a 0.3-m-diameter spherical container is still air. If the convection heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the container and the air is 6.8 , the temperature of the air is 27°C, and the temperature of the surface of the sphere is –183°C, determine the rate of heat transfer by convection.
A steam pipe 200 mm in diameter passes through a large basement room. The temperature of the pipe wall is 500C, while that of the ambient air in the room is 20C. Determine the heat transfer rate by convection and radiation per unit length of steam pipe if the emissivity of the pipe surface is 0.8 and the natural convection heat transfer coefficient has been determined to be 10 W/m2K.
A cooling system is to be designed for a food storage warehouse for keeping perishable foods cool prior to transportation to grocery stores. The warehouse has an effective surface area of 1860 m2 exposed to an ambient air temperature of 32C. The warehouse wall insulation (k=0.17W/(mK)) is 7.5 cm thick. Determine the rate at which heat must be removed (W) from the warehouse to maintain the food at 4C.
Heat is transferred at a rate of 0.1 kW through glass wool insulation (density=100kg/m3) with a 5-cm thickness and 2-m2 area. If the hot surface is at 70C, determine the temperature of the cooler surface.
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1.39 On a cold winter day, the outside wall of a home is exposed to an air temperature of when the inside temperature of the room is at . As a result of this temperature gradient, there is heat loss through the wall to the outside. Consider the convective heat transfer coefficients for the air inside the room and at the outside wall surface to be, respectively, 12.0 and . If the composite room wall is modeled as a plane wall with a thermal resistance per unit area of , determine the temperature at the outer surface of the wall as well as the rate of heat flow through the wall per unit area. If the homeowner were to consider using a fiberglass insulation layer on the inside wall surface for reducing this heat loss by 50%, what is the required thickness of this layer and the outside wall temperature for this case?
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Show that the rate of heat conduction per unit length through a long, hollow cylinder of inner radius ri and outer radius ro, made of a material whose thermal conductivity varies linearly with temperature, is given by qkL=TiTo(rori)/kmA where Ti = temperature at the inner surface To = temperature at the outer surface A=2(rori)/ln(ro/ri)km=ko[1+k(Ti+To)/2]L=lenthofcyclinder
1.37 Mild steel nails were driven through a solid wood wall consisting of two layers, each 2.5-cm thick, for reinforcement. If the total cross-sectional area of the nails is 0.5% of the wall area, determine the unit thermal conductance of the composite wall and the percent of the total heat flow that passes through the nails when the temperature difference across the wall is 25°C. Neglect contact resistance between the wood layers.