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a. Correctness of dynamic programming algorithm:
Usually, a dynamic programming algorithm can be seen as a recursion and proof by induction is one of the easiest way to show its correctness. The structure of a proof by strong induction for one variable, say n, contains three parts. First, we define the Proposition P(n) that we want to prove for the variable n. Next, we show that the proposition holds for Base case(s), such as n = 0, 1, . . . etc. Finally, in the Inductive step, we assume that P(n) holds for any value of n strictly smaller than n' , then we prove that P(n') also holds.
Use the proof by strong induction properly to show that the algorithm of the Knapsack problem above is correct.
b. Bounded Knapsack Problem:
Let us consider a similar problem, in which each item i has ci > 0 copies (ci is an integer). Thus, xi is no longer a binary value, but a non-negative integer at most equal to ci , 0 ≤ xi ≤ ci . Modify the dynamic programming algorithm seen at class for this problem.
Note: One could consider a new set, in which item i has ci occurrences. Then, the algorithm seen as class can be applied. However, this could be costly since ci might be large. Therefore, the algorithm you propose should be different than this one.
c. Unbounded Knapsack Problem:
In this question, we consider the case where the quantity of each item is unlimited. Thus, xi could be any non-negative integer. Provide a dynamic programming algorithm for this problem.
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