a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions? b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?
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A new ATP-producing protein is discovered that couples ATP production to the oxidation of NADPH by oxidative phosphorylation. Assume that the value of ΔGo for ATP synthesis is 30 kJ•mol−1. If this protein only produces 1 molecule of ATP per reaction that consumes one NADPH:
a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions?
b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?
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- Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?(a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD+ to NADP+. How many reducing equivalents are involved in this reaction? (b) How many reducing equivalents are involved in the conversion of ferric ion to ferrous ion? (c) How many reducing equivalents are involved in reducing one molecule of oxygen gas to water?Assume that 2.5 ATPs are generated per NADH and 1.5 ATPs per FADH2. How many ATPs are generated from the FADH2 and NADH molecules from each repetition of the ββbeta-oxidation pathway? Express your answer as an integer.
- For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. In a molecule of glucose, how many molecules of FADH2 will be produced? *For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. In a complete breakdown of a molecule of glucose, how many molecules of NADH had been produced?Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?
- It is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately three ATP molecules, whereas each electron pair donated by FADH2 leads to the synthesis of approximately two ATP molecules. What is the underlying reason for the difference in yield for electrons donated by FADH2 versus NADH?In the krebs cycle, if the enzyme used succinate dehydrogenase used NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, what impact would it have on the overall production of ATP in the call?For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP are produced when 10 molecules of NADH formed during the Krebs cycle enter the electron transport chain?
- For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP are produced when 10 molecules of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose → 6CO2), how many total NADH electron carriers are produced?1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?