Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?
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Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?
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- It is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately three ATP molecules, whereas each electron pair donated by FADH2 leads to the synthesis of approximately two ATP molecules. What is the underlying reason for the difference in yield for electrons donated by FADH2 versus NADH?Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?A new ATP-producing protein is discovered that couples ATP production to the oxidation of NADPH by oxidative phosphorylation. Assume that the value of ΔGo for ATP synthesis is 30 kJ•mol−1. If this protein only produces 1 molecule of ATP per reaction that consumes one NADPH: a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions?b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?
- From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose → 6CO2), how many total NADH electron carriers are produced?To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis, how many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required?How do the P/O ratios for NADH differ in ATP synthases that contain 10 and 15 c subunits?
- Most biochemists agree that the most accurate number of H+ needed to generate one ASP is blank. Therefore one NADH generated about blank ATP molecules?How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid? How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid? How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?ATP Synthase is known to catalyze the synthesis of ATP with a ΔG°’ close to zero, and a Keq' close to. Why is the value of ΔG°’ different from the known value which is 30.5 kJ/mol (the energy for the reverse of ATP hydrolysis)? If the Keq' value is close to one, how is it ensured that the reaction is driven to the product side and more ATP is obtained?
- Pyruvate oxidizes to form carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. If electron transport also occurs, approximately 12.5 ATP molecules areproduced. The free energy of hydrolysis for ATP is 230.5kJ/mol. What is the apparent efficiency of ATP production?How many ATP are produced when 2moles of NADH enter the electron transport chain?How many ATP are produced when 3 moles of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?