What is the P:O ratio for electrons entering the electron-transport chain that originate from reoxidation of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase? A. greater than the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation B. approximately the same as the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation C. less than the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation but more than the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation D. approximately the same as the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation E. less than the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation

What is the P:O ratio for electrons entering the electron-transport chain that originate from reoxidation of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase? A. greater than the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation B. approximately the same as the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation C. less than the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation but more than the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation D. approximately the same as the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation E. less than the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter20: Electron Transport And Oxidative Phosphorylation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7P

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A key enzyme of the Citric Acid Cycle is isocitrate dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate. Given your understanding of the Citric Acid Cycle, how is the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase likely regulated? A. It is activated when fermentation starts. B. It is activated when the levels of NADH are low relative to NAD+. C. It is activated when levels of ATP are high relative to ADP. D. It is inhibited by high levels of pyruvate.
All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (?′°E′° for NAD+/NADH is −0.32 V−0.32 V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase, which uses covalently‑bound FAD (?′°E′° for FAD/FADH2 in this enzyme is 0.050 V).0.050 V). The ?′°E′° value for fumarate/succinate is 0.031 V.0.031 V. a)Calculate the Δ?′°Δ⁢G′° value for the oxidation of succinate using NAD+. b)Calculate the Δ?′°Δ⁢G′° value for the oxidation of succinate using covalently‑bound FAD.
Freshly prepared mitochondria were incubated with β-hydroxybutyrate, oxidized cytochrome c, ADP, Pi, and cyanide. β-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized by an NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase. The experimenter measured the rate of oxidation of β-hydroxybutyrate andthe rate of formation of ATP.(a) Indicate the probable flow of electrons in this system.(b) How many moles of ATP would you expect to be formed per mole ofβ-hydroxybutyrate oxidized in this system?(c) Why is b-hydroxybutyrate added rather than NADH?(d) What is the function of the cyanide?(e) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction occurring in thissystem (electron transport and ATP synthesis). (f) Calculate the net standard free energy change (ΔG°') in this system,using E'0 values from Table 14.1 and a ΔG°' value for ATP hydrolysisof -32.2 kJ/mol.
Which of the following statements is true? A. The NADH dehydrogenase complex can pump more protons than can the cytochrome b-c1 complex. B. The pH in the mitochondrial matrix is higher than the pH in the intermembrane space. C. The proton concentration gradient and the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane tend to work against each other in driving protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix. D. The difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane has a much larger effect than the membrane potential on the total proton-motive force.
Consider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?
Which of the following stimulates the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? a) Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase b) A decrease in the ratio of NAD+/NADH c) Bothaandb d) Neither a nor b
A. what cyclic pathway does this common metabolite enter? B. what are the reduced forms of NAD+ and FAD? What are the entry points for the reduced forms of NAD+ and FAD in the electron transport chain? C. what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.
Assume that 2.5 ATPs are generated per NADH and 1.5 ATPs per FADH2. How many ATPs are generated from the FADH2 and NADH molecules from each repetition of the ββbeta-oxidation pathway? Express your answer as an integer.
which of the following woudl decrease the number of atp molecules generated per nadh molecule in the electron transport chain? a. increasing the energy of the electrons nadh transfer to complex I b. reducing the number of protons required by ATP synthase to produce an ATP moelcule c. having nadh transfer its elections to complex III instead of complex I d. increasing the amount of oxygen available to the cell
Why does FAHD2 oxidation give 1.5 ATP while NADH oxidation gives 2.5 ATP? Explain this in relation to ETC.
If the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide is inhibited: a. the production of ATP would decreases but the production of electron carriers would be unaffected b. the concentration of pyruvate would decrease c. the citric acid cycle will not be affected d. ATP production in the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation will increase e. the concentration of acetyl Co A would decrease