Air at 300K and 1 bar enters from a 900 elbow connected to a channel with surface of constant temperature of 600K. Estimate the outlet temperature of the fluid at the following conditions:
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- 5.6 A fluid flows at 5 over a wide, flat plate 15 cm long. For each from the following list, calculate the Reynolds number at the downstream end of the plate. Indicate whether the flow at that point is laminar, transition, or turbulent. Assume all fluids are at 40°C. (a) air, (b) , (c) water, (d) engine oil.A fuel cell consists of air (or oxygen) and hydrogenmicro ducts, separated by a membrane that promotes protonexchange for an electric current, as in Fig. . Supposethat the airside, at 20°C and approximately 1 atm, hasfive 1 mm by 1 mm ducts, each 1 m long. The total flow rate is 1.5 E-4 kg/s. (a) Determine if the flow is laminar orturbulent. (b) Estimate the pressure drop. (Problem courtesyof Dr. Pezhman Shirvanian.)flow characteristics(Enternace Effect) Were your theortical entrance loss factors, KL, higher or lower than your experimential value? What may be some causes for each entrance type?
- Water at 30 °C enters a pipe of 25 mm in diameter and 1 m in length with a mean velocity of 0.06 m/s. The pipe surface temperature is 50 °C. What is the outlet temperature of water? Assume the fully developed condition. For water: k = 0.6 W/mK, ν = 0.8x10-6 m2/s, ρ = 1000 kg/m3, cp = 4187 J/kgK, Pr = 5Milk at 303K flows at a velocity of 29.5 cm/s through pipe with internal diameter of 5.35cm. The density and viscosity of milk are 1010 kg m -3 and 1.8 x 10 -3 Pa-s, respectively.a) Show that the flow is turbulent.b) What is the change that you need to do to obtain laminar flow?Atmospheric air at 5°C enters a thin walled 12cm diameter 20m long isothermal pipe (Ts=constant) at a velocity of 2.5m/s and leaves at 19°C. Estimate the surface temperature Ts.
- Laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number (Re*) is below 2000; turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number is above 2000. For the following species, determine the maximum value of the average 1D speed for which laminar flow will occur: a) Ne at 293 K where ?η is 313 ?μP and ?ρ = (PM)/(RT) through a 2.00 mm (id) pipe b) Liquid water at 293 K where ?η is 0.891 cP and ?ρ = 0.998 g/mL through a 2.00 mm (id) pipe *Re = (?ρ **d)/?η, where d is the diameter of the tube through which the fluid is flowing.For straightening and smoothing an airflow in a 50-cm diameterduct, the duct is packed with a “honeycomb” ofthin straws of length 30 cm and diameter 4 mm, as inFig. The inlet flow is air at 110 kPa and 20 °C, movingat an average velocity of 6 m/s. Estimate the pressuredrop across the honeycomb.Air at 1.7 atm gauge and 15°C enters a horizontal 75-mm steel pipe that is 70 m long. The velocity at the entrance of the pipe is 60 m/s. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the pressure at the discharge end of the line? ANSWER SHOULD BE 1.982 atm
- 6- High-speed airflow occurs in a 25 cm diameter pipe, such that the Reynolds number is very large. The roughness of the pipe is 0.01mm. What is the friction factor for this flow, given that the Colebrok equation is reduced to the Von Karman equation with a large Reynolds number?In a soya bean oil manufacturing plant, soya bean slurry at 20C is pumped from a collection tank to a cooler operating at 50 kPa and located 3.5 m above the tank. From the tank, the slurry flows at the rate of 1.5L/s through a total of 5.6m of 2.54 cm ID stainless steel commercial pipe, three 90 elbows (standard), a straight tee (used as coupling for mounting pressure gauge) and a gate valve (open). Assuming the pump has an efficiencyof 78%, estimate the power requirement in hp of the pump. The density for soybean slurry is 1041 Kg/m3 while the viscosity is 4.53 x 10-3 Pa-s. Conversion: 1hp = 0.7457 kWAnswer: 0.103 hpSAE 10 oil at 20° (ρ=869 kg/m³, μ=8.14 × 10-2 N•s/m²) flows in a 200 mm diameter pipe. Find the maximum velocity for which the flow will be laminar. (ANSWER must be = 0.937 m/s)