You identify a proflavin-generated allele of a genethat produces a 110-amino acid polypeptide ratherthan the usual 157-amino acid protein. After subjectingthis mutant allele to extensive proflavin mutagenesis,you are able to find a number of intragenic suppressorslocated in the part of the gene between the sequencesencoding the N terminus of the protein and the originalmutation, but no suppressors located in the regionbetween the original mutation and the sequencesencoding the usual C terminus of the protein. Whydo you think this is the case?

Q: You have isolated a protein that binds to DNA in theregion upstream of the promoter sequence of the…

A: Positive regulation refers to the increased transcription of a gene by binding of a protein or a…

Q: . One way to determine where inside a cell a protein(protein X) normally localizes is to generate a…

A: The X-GFP gene can be produced by knocking in the coding sequences of GFP as compared to random…

Q: . a. Mice engineered to block expression of the geneencoding the telomerase protein age at a…

A: Telomerase is an enzyme that is essential for the replication of chromosomal ends. It is a…

Q: Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress…

A: A missense mutation is a type of mutation in which the error occurs in a single base. It is also…

Q: A single UASG regulates the expression of threegenes, all of which are adjacent: GAL7 and GAL10…

A: Transcription is the first process of gene expression. In this process, the information present in…

Q: Researchers have successfully used gene therapy toameliorate some human genetic diseases by adding…

A: Gene therapy is a process in which normal copies of genes are introduced into cells, where they can…

Q: One complication of making a transgenic animal is that thetransgene might integrate at random into…

A: Transgenesis is a technique of incorporating a gene or transgene in the genome of an organism taken…

Q: . Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress…

A: A missense mutation is a type of mutation in which the error is in a single base. It is also known…

Q: When a particular mutagen identified by the Ames testis injected into mice, it causes the appearance…

A: Cancer is considered to be a disease that has abnormal cell growth that can invasive. The cancerous…

Q: E27. A cloned gene fragment contains a regulatory element that is recog- nized by a regulatory…

A: Electrophoretic mobility shift assay is used to study the protein and DNA interaction i.e it detects…

Q: What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is the differencebetween an intragenic and an…

A: Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is…

Q: Suppose you have just determined the DNA base sequence foran especially strong promoter in…

A: An expression vector is a plasmid or virus and it used for gene expression. In gene expression, the…

Q: Gerald Rubin and Allan Spradling devised a method of introducinga transposon into Drosophila. This…

A: Plasmids are the genetic structures, which can replicate independent of chromosomes. They are the…

Q: Using the experimental system shown in Figure 12-26, ageneticist is able to insert a barrier…

A: Introduction: Heterochromatin is the darkly stained part of chromatin. The heterochromatin is…

Q: A sample of liver cells was collected from a healthy donor and from an individual with liver cancer.…

A: Gene regulation involves the expression of certain genes at a time out of all the genes present in…

Q: . Suppose you have six strains of E. coli. One is wildtype, and each of the other five has a single…

A: Lac operon is a type of an operon that allows bacteria to used lactose to obtain energy. It includes…

Q: In a mutant mouse, it was discovered that a gene "W" is moved from its original chromosomal locus to…

A: Introduction  A mutation is a change in the structure of a gene, which is the fundamental unit of…

Q: Mouse models for human genetic diseases are potentially powerful tools to help geneticists…

A: Various types of mouse models have been developed by researchers or scientists that act as very…

Q: Sometimes, genes transferred into the mouse genomeby pronuclear injection disrupt a gene at the…

A: A technique is used to create transgenic known as a pronuclear injection. When zygote is formed then…

Q: . Using a cDNA library, you isolated two differentcDNA clones that have sequences indicating that…

A: A complementary DNA library (cDNA) represents the genes collection that is encoded into the protein…

Q: Suppose you have six strains of E. coli. One is wildtype, and each of the other five has a single…

A: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has the following five mutant strains. Lac Z-, lacy-, lacl-, Oc, and…

Q: In addition to Tc1, the C. elegans genome contains otherfamilies of DNA transposons such as Tc2,…

A: Transposons are mobile DNA segments. They can replicate and insert copies at various chromosomal…

Q: What happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into a transposon's gene encoding transposase?

A: A non-sense mutation is a mutation that terminates translation earlier resulting in the formation of…

Q: If you sampled a patient with the autosomal recessive disease Tay Sachs and found she had normal…

A: Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive central nervous disorder. The disorder results from…

Q: You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reportergene in which the jellyfish GFP cDNA is…

A: The enhancer sequences are regulatory DNA sequences. These sequences when bound by specific proteins…

Q: Some vectors used in cloning experiments contain bacterial promotersthat are adjacent to unique…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: An investigator was interested in studying UAG nonsense suppressor mutations in bacteria. In one…

A: If more than one gene encoded the same molecule become mutated, then the mutation in one of these…

Q: From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the…

A: A regulatory sequence is a nucleic acid molecule segment that has the ability to increase or…

Q: An interesting phenomenon found in vertebrate DNAis the existence of pseudogenes, nonfunctional…

A: The existence of pseudogenes is an interesting phenomenon that is found in vertebrate DNA.…

Q: . Null alleles (mutant genes) produce no protein product. This is a genetic change. However,…

A: Introduction Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviour and environment can influence how your…

Q: O A. Screen thousands of strains for a spontaneous unc-22 mutation O B. Soak worms in mutagenic…

A: In RNA silencing microorganisms are used to silence or negatively affect the gene expression. It is…

Q: In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can alter the function of genes at or near the site of transposon…

A: Transposons has the capability to induce various alteratins in the DNA or chromosomes thay may lead…

Q: Mouse models for human genetic diseases are potentially powerful tools to help geneticists…

A: The mouse is used in the alteration in the genome through the use of genetic engineering technique…

Q: The TBX20 transcription factor is important for the developmentof heart tissue. Deletion of the…

A: T-box transcription factor Tbx20 gene in mice is essential for prenatal cardiomyocyte proliferation…

Q: Most retrotransposons include a gene that encodes a transposase enzyme. What does this enzyme do ?

A: Transposable components ar deoxyribonucleic acid sequences which will move regarding within the…

Q: The Ames test uses the reversion rate (His− to His+)to test compounds for mutagenicity.a. Is it…

A: Ames test screens for chemicals that induce mutations in bacterial cells. This test examines if a…

Q: Each year in the United States, there are over 230,000 newcases of prostate cancer and almost 28,000…

A: Genetic screening is done for various types of cancer.

Q: a. Describe two ways you could potentially make atransgene that would inhibit the function of a…

A: A transgene is a gene, which is transferred from one organism to another organism naturally or…

Q: One histone modification that is seen consistently inmany species is the addition of an acetyl group…

A: Introduction: Histone is a type of protein that functions to support the chromosome structure.…

Q: Mutations at simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci occurat a frequency of 1 × 10−3 per locus per…

A: Single sequence repeats (SSR) or microsatellites and also known as Variable number of Tandem Repeats…

Q: The goal of the Knockout Mouse Project is to generate a set of ES cell lines, each with a knockout…

A: Hi! Since you have posted multiple questions, we are answering only first two sub-parts. Knockout…

Q: To cause cancer, proto-genes require blank allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered…

A: ANSWER;- To cause cancer, proto-genes require a single allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are…

Q: The origin of new β cells of the pancreas—fromstem cells or from preexisting β cells—was not…

A: Introduction The pancreas is a glandular organ in the abdomen. It produces pancreatic juices, which…

Q: One complication of making a transgenic animal is that thetransgene might integrate at random into…

A: An organism whose DNA has undergone artificial change is referred to as a transgenic organism. This…

Q: After Drosophila DNA has been treated with a restrictionenzyme, the fragments are inserted into…

A: Cloning is a particular technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living organisms.…

Q: For the sake of simplicity, Fig. 10.4 omitted one stepof cDNA library construction. The figure…

A: The process that involves annealing of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic…

Q: a. Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost…

A: The process in which the polymerization of ribonucleotides, guided by complementary base pairing…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.