antibody diversity is generated principally through ? (a) exposure to environmental mutagens (b) targeted DNA amplification (c) RNA-dependant DNA synthesis (d) DNA rearrangement (e) decoding errors and ribosomal frameshifting
Q: Discuss and elaborate thoroughly the statement “oocyte activation involves inactivation” using…
A: In mammals, fertilization involves a series of consecutive steps that starts with the recognition…
Q: What is the fundamental molecular difference that distinguishes a stem cell?
A: Stem cells are the cells of the body that develop into different kinds of cells. These range from…
Q: explain gene targeting in embryonic stem cells?
A: Embryonic stem cells are characterized by the potency to generate different cell types and are…
Q: What is a regenerative FGD process?
A: Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies that is used to remove sulfur dioxide from…
Q: A. Suppose that you are trying to investigate the impact of X-ray on the genes which are responsible…
A: A mutation is the change in an organism's DNA. It causes changes in physical appearance, behavior,…
Q: Name three potential sources of stem cells.
A: Stem cells are defined as the cells that are undifferentiated and develop into specific cells that…
Q: What ensures fidelity in protein synthesis? How does this compare with the fidelity of replication…
A: Protein synthesis is the last step of the central dogma. It occurs after the replication of DNA and…
Q: How might our knowledge about telomeres and telemerase be applied to anti-aging strategies? Are such…
A: Telomeres are the specific DNA–protein structures present at both ends of every chromosome. These…
Q: why do we use chimera for possible organ transplantation? Why not use only pig or monkey as their…
A: Chimera is an organism or tissue that contains at least two different sets of DNA, most often…
Q: Put the following types of stem cells in order from MOST useful in regenerative medicine to LEAST…
A: The correct option is b: pluripotent--multipotent--totipotent--adult Explanation: Totipotent cells…
Q: What do you understand by Genetic Engineering? Explain how green fluorescent protein and opsins have…
A: The green fluorescent protein (GFP) are those protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when…
Q: VISUAL SKILLS Consider the microarray in Figure 20.12.If a sample from normal tissue is labeled with…
A: A microarray is a tool in the laboratory used to detect thousands of gene expression at the same…
Q: How sequence variation within specific genes affects an individual’sdrug responses ?
A: Genetic variation is an important parameter in evolution as it allows natural selection to increase…
Q: Pluripotent stem cells (a) lose genetic material during development (b) give rise to many, but not…
A: Pluripotent stem cells are also referred as master stem cells. Such stem cells are able to make all…
Q: The recombination signal sequences of human V,D,J and C immunoglobulin genes resemble which…
A: VDJ recombination is the peculiar mechanism that is involved in the development of lymphocytes…
Q: Based on what you know about cells of the immune system and the material presented in Chapter 6,…
A: As per our company guideline we are supposed to answer only first question. Kindly repost other…
Q: What is the difference between the different kinds of STEM cells?
A: Stem cells are self-renewal cell. They are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to divide…
Q: Using specific molecular evidence, elaborate on the remark "oocyte activation entails inactivation."
A: Egg activation refers to the early events that occur at fertilization and that start the development…
Q: What are the two common characteristics of stem cells?
A: Two common characterstics of stem - cells are : Perpetual self - renewal. Ability to differentiate…
Q: Happened? (There are at least expla 2. Drugs with names that end in "-mab" consist of anti- bodies,…
A: Our immune system consists many cells and organs such as Thymus (T cells), Bone marrow (B cells),…
Q: Explain how hematopoietic stem cells were experimentally shown to be both multipotent and capable of…
A: Answer: Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitor…
Q: One year after their first son was born, a couple gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl. At the age…
A: Bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a stem cell transplant procedure. This procedure is used to treat…
Q: How does X-inactivation work?
A: X-inactivation also called lyonization is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosomes…
Q: How would you introduce the change/modification into the skin cells to transform them into neurons?
A: Every cell in an organism's body contain the same genetic material and genome. It is due to the…
Q: Nanotechnology can provide alternatives to early detection of cancer cells, drug delivery, and…
A: Nanotechnology can provide very fast and sensitive detection of cancer related molecules and has the…
Q: How might stem cells be used to repair brain or heart damage, even though these cells do not undergo…
A: Differentiation is important because specialized cells are used up, damaged or die all the time…
Q: In your own words, explain how selective affinity drives cells sorting during embryogenesis.
A: Embryogenesis is the process of development of embryo after the formation of zygote .
Q: What do you think the NOVA scienceNOW correspondent meant when he described taking an ordinary skin…
A: Undifferentiated cells that have a special ability to develop into any type of cells in the body are…
Q: Why and nucleus transplantation technology still dangerous? are recombinant DNA technology
A: Recombinant DNA technology is joining together of DNA molecules from two different species. The…
Q: (comprehension) A scientist hypothesized that her vaccine would stimulate the immune system to…
A: An experiment group is a group which receives treatment in an experiment.This group is made up of…
Q: how would you distinguish a stem cell from B cell at the DNA level
A: A stem cell is a type of cell that has the unusual ability to differentiate into different cell…
Q: How do stem cells retain this capacity, and can we harness it to cure debilitating diseases?
A: Stem cells: Stem cells are the cells that have the potential to develop into different types in the…
Q: Are all pluripotent stem cells created equal, however?
A: Pluripotent cells are capable of repeated division to form most or all of the cell types but cannot…
Q: What are stem cells, and what safety mechanism protects them from mutation?
A: Stem cell Stem cells are pluripotent cell that is produced by bone marrow cells.
Q: Explain Sigma factor recognition sequences?
A: Transcription is a process by which the information a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule…
Q: In the novel Chromosome 6, by Robin Cook, a biotechnology company genetically engineers individual…
A: Bonobo was historically called the pygmy chimpanzee. It is an endangered great ape with…
Q: help!!! Answer the following questions Only in cell biology 1. A. Discuss the roles of two main…
A: Stem cells are reserve cells that involve in the growth and differentiation of tissues. It has the…
Q: Describe why PARP inhibitors are considered targeted therapies (affecting only cancer cells and not…
A: A cancer cell is a cell that is dysfunctional that does not obey cycle. Cancer cells, rather than…
Q: What is gene targeting in embryonic stem cells?
A: Introduction Gene targeting in the embryonic stem cells through homologous recombination techniques…
Q: What advantage do iPS cells have over traditional embryonic stem cells?
A: Induced pluripotent cells (iPS) are somatic cells that have been reconstructed to act like an ES…
Q: Do you feel CRISPR or other technologies are appropriate for use in human embryo’s? Why or why not?…
A: CRISPR which is Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats belongs to family of DNA…
Q: hat is the difference between autologous vs. allogeneic stem cell transplants?
A: Stem cells are the cells which are present inside bone marrow of an organism and these cells are…
Q: Reflect on this "Gene therapy is still in its infancy, but its believe that as it matures, it will…
A: Gene therapy is a technique that is used to modify a person’s genes in order to treat or cure…
Q: (2) Design an experiment on how would molecular genetic tools, such as DNA microarrays, be used to…
A: DNA microarray is a molecular technique used to compare the expression of many genes simultaneously.…
Q: Why are scientists so excited about human embryonic and adult stem cells?
A: scientists are excited about any new medical technology that can save human lives and help to make…
antibody diversity is generated principally through ?
(a) exposure to environmental mutagens
(b) targeted DNA amplification
(c) RNA-dependant DNA synthesis
(d) DNA rearrangement
(e) decoding errors and ribosomal frameshifting
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- genetics question 3. Explain how accurate direct-to-consumer test kits are for identifying BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations? If you had a positive result, how would you interpret this result and what steps might you take next?The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?using a molecular genetic approach how can one generate a mouse missing an adaptive immune response
- Nanotechnology can provide alternatives to early detection of cancer cells, drug delivery, and injectable vaccines that to this day rely on healthcare professionals to administer What are 3 Cost and 3 Benefits of this?Who Owns Your Genome? John Moore, an engineer working on the Alaska oil pipeline, was diagnosed in the mid-1970s with a rare and fatal form of cancer known as hairy cell leukemia. This disease causes overproduction of one type of white blood cell known as a T lymphocyte. Moore went to the UCLA Medical Center for treatment and was examined by Dr. David Golde, who recommended that Moores spleen be removed in an attempt to slow down or stop the cancer. For the next 8 years, John Moore returned to UCLA for checkups. Unknown to Moore, Dr. Golde and his research assistant applied for and received a patent on a cell line and products of that cell line derived from Moores spleen. The cell line, named Mo, produced a protein that stimulates the growth of two types of blood cells that are important in identifying and killing cancer cells. Arrangements were made with Genetics Institute, a small start-up company, and then Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, to develop the cell line and produce the growth-stimulating protein. Moore found out about the cell line and its related patents and filed suit to claim ownership of his cells and asked for a share of the profits derived from the sale of the cells or products from the cells. Eventually, the case went through three courts, and in July 1990n years after the case beganthe California Supreme Court ruled that patients such as John Moore do not have property rights over any cells or tissues removed from their bodies that are used later to develop drugs or other commercial products. This case was the first in the nation to establish a legal precedent for the commercial development and use of human tissue. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 prevents the sale of human organs. Current laws allow the sale of human tissues and cells but do not define ownership interests of donors. Questions originally raised in the Moore case remain largely unresolved in laws and public policy. These questions are being raised in many other cases as well. Who owns fetal and adult stem-cell lines established from donors, and who has ownership of and a commercial interest in diagnostic tests developed through cell and tissue donations by affected individuals? Who benefits from new genetic technologies based on molecules, cells, or tissues contributed by patients? Are these financial, medical, and ethical benefits being distributed fairly? What can be done to ensure that risks and benefits are distributed in an equitable manner? Gaps between technology, laws, and public policy developed with the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, and in the intervening decades, those gaps have not been closed. These controversies are likely to continue as new developments in technology continue to outpace social consensus about their use. Should the physicians at UCLA have told Mr. Moore that his cells and its products were being commercially developed?Who Owns Your Genome? John Moore, an engineer working on the Alaska oil pipeline, was diagnosed in the mid-1970s with a rare and fatal form of cancer known as hairy cell leukemia. This disease causes overproduction of one type of white blood cell known as a T lymphocyte. Moore went to the UCLA Medical Center for treatment and was examined by Dr. David Golde, who recommended that Moores spleen be removed in an attempt to slow down or stop the cancer. For the next 8 years, John Moore returned to UCLA for checkups. Unknown to Moore, Dr. Golde and his research assistant applied for and received a patent on a cell line and products of that cell line derived from Moores spleen. The cell line, named Mo, produced a protein that stimulates the growth of two types of blood cells that are important in identifying and killing cancer cells. Arrangements were made with Genetics Institute, a small start-up company, and then Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, to develop the cell line and produce the growth-stimulating protein. Moore found out about the cell line and its related patents and filed suit to claim ownership of his cells and asked for a share of the profits derived from the sale of the cells or products from the cells. Eventually, the case went through three courts, and in July 1990n years after the case beganthe California Supreme Court ruled that patients such as John Moore do not have property rights over any cells or tissues removed from their bodies that are used later to develop drugs or other commercial products. This case was the first in the nation to establish a legal precedent for the commercial development and use of human tissue. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 prevents the sale of human organs. Current laws allow the sale of human tissues and cells but do not define ownership interests of donors. Questions originally raised in the Moore case remain largely unresolved in laws and public policy. These questions are being raised in many other cases as well. Who owns fetal and adult stem-cell lines established from donors, and who has ownership of and a commercial interest in diagnostic tests developed through cell and tissue donations by affected individuals? Who benefits from new genetic technologies based on molecules, cells, or tissues contributed by patients? Are these financial, medical, and ethical benefits being distributed fairly? What can be done to ensure that risks and benefits are distributed in an equitable manner? Gaps between technology, laws, and public policy developed with the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, and in the intervening decades, those gaps have not been closed. These controversies are likely to continue as new developments in technology continue to outpace social consensus about their use. Do you think that donors or patients who provide cells and/or tissues should retain ownership of their body parts or should share in any financial benefits that might derive from their use in research or commercial applications?
- Biology Suppose your friend claims there is a human enhancer at position 1,030,302 of chromosome 1. You run a Hi-C assay on retinal cells, and find no evidence of any physical interactions between that candidate enhancer and any other location in the genome. Can you safely conclude the enhancer does not exist?Your group is a team of transplantation doctors who are treating a patient who received a kidney transplant. What is the biological basis for attempting to use Betalacept (soluble CTLA-4-Fc fusion protein) to prevent allograft rejection?Hybridoma technology allows one to generatemonoclonal antibodies to virtually any protein. Why isit, then, that genetically tagging proteins with epitopes issuch a commonly used technique, especially since an epi-tope tag has the potential to interfere with the function ofthe protein?
- If you were in charge of protecting citizens from a bioterrorism attack, what biotechnology strategies would you consider for monitoring infectious agents? Do you think that vaccination against a bioweapon such as the Variola vaccinia virus, which causes smallpox, should be mandatory for all citizens even if the vaccine causes life-threatening side effects in some people?Are all pluripotent stem cells created equal, however?2) Now you would like to raise antibodies to this protein of YFG. How could you use the pure protein to generate/identify….. a) a polyclonal antibody? b) a monoclonal antibody?