Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited nerve speed x pulse duration 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s= 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K lons and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C= xxA/d and Q-CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.9 x 10-8 m, axon radius r= 1.1 x 10 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant -2.0. External fluid Positive charge layer Negative { charge layer Axon wall membrane @ Internal fluid Axon radius r (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2 v.) How many K* ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2y? Klons Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A²), An atom has a cross section of about 1 A2 (1 A = 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few A.). Yes O No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 102 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-2v? How many sodium ions (Na) is this? Na ions () If it takes 2.0 ms for the Nations to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? HA (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to +30x 10 starting from the resting potential of -7,0 x 10 V (Assume that no energy is required to first raise the potential to 0 V from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10 V)
Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited nerve speed x pulse duration 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s= 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K lons and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C= xxA/d and Q-CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.9 x 10-8 m, axon radius r= 1.1 x 10 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant -2.0. External fluid Positive charge layer Negative { charge layer Axon wall membrane @ Internal fluid Axon radius r (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2 v.) How many K* ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2y? Klons Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A²), An atom has a cross section of about 1 A2 (1 A = 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few A.). Yes O No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 102 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-2v? How many sodium ions (Na) is this? Na ions () If it takes 2.0 ms for the Nations to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? HA (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to +30x 10 starting from the resting potential of -7,0 x 10 V (Assume that no energy is required to first raise the potential to 0 V from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10 V)
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
7th Edition
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Chapter34: Particle Size Determination
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 34.10QAP
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Transcribed Image Text:Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited nerve speed x puise duration=
50.0 m/s x 0.0020s= 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K* lons and the inner
wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate
capacitor and take C= *xA/d and Q = CV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall
thickness d = 1.9 x 10-8 m, axon radius r= 1.1 x 10¹ m, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0.
External fluid
Positive
charge
layer
Negative {
charge
layer
Axon wall membrane
Internal fluid
Axon radius = r
(a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume
an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2 v.)
How many Kions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2y?
Kons
Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom
squared (A2), An atom has a cross section of about 1 A? (1 A = 1010 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom
every few A.).
OYes
O No
(b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +1.0 x 102 V from the resting
state of -7,0 x 10-2V?
How many sodium ions (Na) is this?
Na ions
(c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process?
MA
(d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to +3.0 x 102, starting from the resting
potential of -7.0 x 10-3 V? (Assume that no energy is required to first raise the potential to 0 V from the resting potential of
-7.0 x 10 V)
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