Assume that a personal computer must get FIVE pieces of data from its memory for every operation (one piece of data indicates Which instruction to perform: the other is the intormation which is operated on). If the computer is the size of a typical PC. how long does it take to get these pieceof data? From this, what is the maximum rate at which the PC can execute

Assume that a personal computer must get FIVE pieces of data from its memory for every operation (one piece of data indicates Which instruction to perform: the other is the intormation which is operated on). If the computer is the size of a typical PC. how long does it take to get these pieceof data? From this, what is the maximum rate at which the PC can execute

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter5: Data Storage Technology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PE

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Assume that a personal computer must get two pieces of data from its memory for every operation (one piece of data indicates which instruction to perform; the other is the information which is operated on). If the computer is the size of a typical PC, how long does it take to get these pieces of data? From this, what is the maximum rate at which the PC can execute instructions? Assume half the speed of light as travel rate.
When we already have RAM (Random Access Memory), which is a kind of memory that is regarded as volatile, why do we need cache memory?Both cache memory and random access memory (RAM) rely on electrical parts known as transistors. If it's even conceivable, can a computer do all of its operations using only one kind of memory?
Computer A has an overall CPI of 1.3 and can be run at a clock rate of 600MHz.Computer B has a CPI of 2.5 and can be run at a clock rate of 750 Mhz. Wehave a particular program we wish to run. When compiled for computer A, thisprogram has exactly 100,000 instructions. How many instructions would theprogram need to have when compiled for Computer B, in order for the twocomputers to have exactly the same execution time for this program?
Assume a 3GHz processor executes three classes of instructions(A, B, C).i. Calculate the average CPI for this sequence of program.ii. Calculate the execution time for this sequence of program.iii. If we use a system with four same processors, there will bespeed up by a factor of 4 for classes A and C, but class B willremain unaffected. Calculate the new execution time for thissystem. What is the overall speed up? Class A B C CPI for class 4 2 10 IC in sequence 100 200 300
Suppose a given processor has access to two levels of memory. Level 1 contains 1000 words and has an access time of 0.01 μs; level 2 contains 100,000 words and has an access time of 0.1 μs. Assume that if a word to be accessed is in level 1, then the processor accesses it directly. If it is in level 2, then the word is first transferred to level 1 and then accessed by the processor. For simplicity, ignore the time required for the processor to determine whether the word is in level 1 or level 2. Suppose 95% of the memory accesses are found in level 1, define the hit ratio (H) and find the average access time.
Consider a multilevel computer in which levels are vertically stacked, with the lowest level being level 1. Each level has instructions that are m times as powerful as those of the level below it; that is, one level r instruction can do the work of m instructions at level r-1. However, n instructions at level r-1 are required to interpret each instruction at level r. Given this, answer the following questions: If a level 1 program requires k seconds to run, how long would the equivalent program take to run at levels 2, 3 and 4. Express your answer in terms of n, m, and r. What is the performance implication for the program if n > m? Conversely, what is the implication if m > n? Which case do you think more likely? Why?
Computer A has an overall CPI of 1.3 and can be run at a clock rate of 600MHz. Computer B has a CPI of 2.5 and can be run at a clock rate of 750 MHz. We have a particular program we wish to run. When compiled for computer A, this program has exactly 100,000 instructions. How many instructions would the program need to have when compiled for Computer B, in order for the two computers to have exactly the same execution time for this program? Please explain how to solve
Assume we have a computer where the clocks per instruction is 1.0 when all memory accesses hit in the cache. The only data accesses are loads and stores and these total 50% of the instructions. If the miss penalty is 25 clock cycles and the miss rate is 2%, how much faster would the computer be if all instructions were cache hits?
Suppose that a RISC machine uses five register windows.Q) How deep can the procedure calls go before registers must be saved in memory? (That is, what is the maximum number of “active” procedure calls that can be made before we need to save any registers in memory?
On a uniprocessor, portion A of program P consumes 24 seconds, while portion B consumes 822 seconds. On a parallel computer, moderately serial portion A speeds up 4 times, while perfectly parallel portion B speeds up by the number of processors. 1- What is the speedup of program P on 1,024 processors? _______ times 2- How many processors are required to achieve at least half the theoretical maximum possible speedup on P?
Because volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) already exists, what's the point of using a slower, less reliable cache memory instead?The electrical components called transistors are used in both random access memory (RAM) and cache memory. To what extent, if at all, can a computer get by with using just one kind of memory to carry out all of its functions?
Suppose that the execution time of a given program on a single processor is 9.5 ms. If you run this program on a system having 18 independent processors, you observe an overall speedup of 1.1. Using Amdahl’s Law, what must have been the fraction of the program that could be executed in parallel? (Express the answer in decimal form, i.e., if 50% of the program can be enhanced, enter 0.5. Round to three decimal places)