Based on the data, is there evidence of a shift in the distribution of responses to the exercise question following the implementation of the health promotion campaign on campus? Run the test at a 5% level of significance.
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- Tardigrades, or water bears, are a type of micro-animal famous for their resilience. In examining the effects of radiation on organisms, an expert claimed that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades no longer has a mean of 900 Gy (grays). (For comparison, humans cannot withstand more than 10 Gy .) A study was conducted on a sample of 27 randomly selected tardigrade colonies, finding that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony had a sample mean of 907 Gy , with a sample standard deviation of 17 Gy . Assume that the population of amounts of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades is approximately normally distributed. Complete the parts below to perform a hypothesis test to see if there is enough evidence, at the 0.05 level of significance, to support the claim that μ , the mean amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades, is not equal to 900…Tardigrades, or water bears, are a type of micro-animal famous for their resilience. In examining the effects of radiation on organisms, an expert claimed that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades no longer has a mean of 1350 Gy (grays). (For comparison, humans cannot withstand more than 10 Gy .) A study was conducted on a sample of 18 randomly selected tardigrade colonies, finding that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony had a sample mean of 1375 Gy , with a sample standard deviation of 75 Gy . Assume that the population of amounts of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades is approximately normally distributed. Complete the parts below to perform a hypothesis test to see if there is enough evidence, at the 0.05 level of significance, to support the claim that μ , the mean amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades, is not equal to 1350 Gy .A consumer advocacy group wanted to study whether different airline carriers differed in terms of their delayed flights. In particular, the researchers were interested in the relationship between p1, the proportion of Alpha Airlines flights that were delayed at least 15 minutes, and p2, the proportion of Beta Airlines flights that were delayed at least 15 minutes. A random sample of 1,000 Alpha flights and a separate random sample of 1,000 Beta flights found that 67 of the Alpha fights and 160 of the Beta flights were delayed at least 15 minutes. The conditions for inference were checked and verified. Does this set of samples provide strong evidence that Alpha Airlines has a smaller proportion of flights that are delayed at least 15 minutes than Beta Airlines, at the α = 0.05 significance level? Find the z-table here. A. The test statistic is z = –6.56 and the P-value ≈ 0. Since the P-value ≈ 0 < 0.05, there is not sufficient evidence that Alpha Airlines has fewer delayed…
- Does St. John wort (an herb) have a siginifact effect in treating major depression? A study looked at 340 adult outpatients suffering as measured by their HAM-Dscore, randomly assiging each subject to either a placebo, St.John's wort, or a second active treatment for comparison. The study found the diiference in treating major depression as measured by improvement in HAM-D scores between St.John's wort and the placebo was not statistically significant This means that: A. a difference this big could easily occur just by chance even if St. John's wort does not better than the placebo B. We cannot make a 95 percent confidence statement C.The placebo makes no difference in the subjects' depression D. The study was badly designedSince its removal from the banned substances list in 2004 by the World Anti-Doping Agency,caffeine has been used by athletes with the expectancy that it enhances their workout andperformance. However, few studies look at the role caffeine plays in sedentary females.Researchers at the University of Western Australia conducted a test in which they determined therate of energy expenditure (kilojoules) on 10 healthy, sedentary females who were nonregularcaffeine users. Each female was randomly assigned either a placebo or caffeine pill (6mg/kg) 60minutes prior to exercise. The subject rode an exercise bike for 15 minutes at 65% of theirmaximum heart rate, and the energy expenditure was measured. The process was repeated on aseparate day for the remaining treatment. The mean difference in energy expenditure (caffeine –placebo) was 18kJ with a standard deviation of 19kJ. If we assume that the differences follow anormal distribution can it be concluded that that caffeine appears to increase…An experiment was conducted for better understanding of the effectiveness of a particular type of drug for reducing bad cholesterol (LDL) level. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether different dosages used have significant different outcomes in average LDL reduction. Twenty subjects with LDL at around 250 to 300 mg/dL had participated in the study and were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was given a specific level of dosage of the drug each day for one month, with a control group that only provided with placebo. The reduction in LDL was recorded and showed in the following table. Positive number indicates reduction and negative numbers indicates increasing in DLD. Use statistical software to analyze the data and answer the following question. Control Light Dosage Level Medium Dosage Level Heavy Dosage Level 7 25 73 81 -3 17 60 71 6 22 55 79 5 21 41 60 15 12 36 85 Perform a One-way…
- Does posting calorie content for menu items affectpeople’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh(2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitoredthe calorie content of food purchases for children andadolescents in four large fast-food chains before andafter mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing thecalorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect ontheir choices. Data similar to the results obtained showan average of M = 786 calories per meal with s =85 for n =100 children and adolescents before thelabeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calorieswith s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after themandatory posting.a. Use a two-tailed test with a = .05 to determinewhether the mean number of calories after theposting is significantly different than before caloriecontent was posted.b. Calculate r2to measure effect size for the mean difference.A nutrition store in the mall is selling “Memory Booster,” which is a concoction of herbs and minerals that is intended to improve memory performance, but there is no good reason to think it couldn't possibly do the opposite. To test the effectiveness of the herbal mix, a researcher obtains a sample of 8 participants and asks each person to take the suggested dosage each day for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4-week period, each individual takes a standardized memory test. In the general population, the standardized test is known to have a mean of μ = 7. The scores for the 8 participants are 12, 11, 13, 15, 8, 11, 13, 15 (Set the significance level a = .05)An experimental study was conducted on the effect of programmed materials in English on the performance of 20 selected college students. Before the program was implemented pretest was administered and after 5 months the same instrument was used to get the post-test result.
- It was reported that some sixty-seven percent of Covid 19 infection, over one summer month in a European country, were people who were fully vaccinated. Does this mean that Covid 19 vaccine is ineffective?The percentage of 12- to 17-year-olds who reported talking at least once in the past year with their parents about the dangers of drug, tobacco, or alcohol is 60% nationally. A state youth council believes this proportion is higher in their state, where there has been an intense media campaign about this issue. A survey of randomly chosen students from across the state shows 1032 of 1642 students reporting they are having these conversations with their parents. Use an alpha = .5In a study of the potential role of drug therapy in the treatment of bladder instability in older adults, 136 incontinent older adults received an experimental therapeutic, and 124 received a placebo treatment. Of the “experimental” participants, 128 saw a satisfactory resolution to their incontinence, compared with only 110 of the patients receiving a placebo. You are interested in determining whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between groups (alpha = 0.05).What is the obtained value of your statistic? Take your answer to two decimal places. (Answer = 2.55)How many degrees of freedom do you have in your analysis? (1)To what critical value would you compare your observed value of chi-square? Express your answer to four decimal places. (3.8415) Need an explanation of these answers. Thanks.