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- c. According to the Keynesian theory, what would be the effect of the “A wave of investor and consumer pessimism about the future profitability of capital investments and lower future income” on output (Y), the real interest rate (r), employment (L) and the price level (P)? Distinguish between the short run and the long run effects by using the IS-LM-FE and AD-AS models and the effective labor demand theory.1.Select one fro the given options a.The sticky wage model of AS: I. explains the vertical AS in the short run. ii. assumes flexible prices and nominal wages. iii. assumes flexible prices and sticky real wages. iv. explains the short-run deviations of the actual output from the potential one b. Choose the correct statement: i. According to the Life-cycle hypothesis the consumption changes only with unexpected changes in income. ii. Consider the life cycle hypothesis. The human consumption function in the form C = 0.025W + 0.5Y implies that life expectancy is 40 years iii. Consider the life cycle hypothesis. The human consumption function in the form C = 0.025W + 0.5Y implies that a half of one's life expectancy is spent in retirement iv. Consider the life cycle hypothesis. The human consumption function in the form C = 0.025W + 0.5Y implies that consumption will increase by CZK 25, when wealth will increase by CZK 1,00a) The 1-year bond yield is currently at 0.5% and the 2-year bond yield is 1%. Inflation is expected to be 2% for the next year. i. What is the 1-year bond yield expected in one year time? ii. What is the current 1-year real interest rate? b) Consider that the central bank is deciding to raise interest rates. With the aid of an expectations modified IS-LM diagram, clearly show the impact on current output if (i) the interest rate rise is limited to 1 year and (ii) if the interest rate rise is expected to be in place for several years.
- Cd= 200+.8Y - 500r Id= 200 – 500r Real interest rate r in the equilibrium equals .2. What is the government spending G of this economy so that its full employment output of Y is 1000? Suppose M bar=8000 and r=.2. L(Y,r)=.75Y-250r. What is the price level P in this economy for Y=1000? Please draw your IS-LM curves in your graph. Use the graph to illustrate what may happen if the company had an adversary price shock.Consider a model that includes IS-LM, inflationary augmented Philips curve, labour market and production function. Assume supply of labour is a function of after-tax real wages. Show that quantity theory of money applies in this model.Consider the market for loanable funds. Suppose the demand for loans is given be i=9-Q+π, and the supply of loans is given by i=Q/2+π, where π represents inflation. Now suppose that π=5 (instead of 3, in the previous problem). What is the equilbrium quantity of loans and what is the corresponsing interest rate? Q*=8, i*=6 Q*=3, i*=6 Q*=6, i*=8 Q*=6, i*=6
- Let’s see just how much high expected inflation can hurt incentives to save for the long run. Let’s assume the government takes about one‑third of every extra dollar of nominal interest you earn. You must pay taxes on nominal interest. However, if you are rational, you will care mostly about your real, after‑tax interest rate when deciding how much to save. ?i ??=?Eπ=π 23×?23×i (23×?)−?(23×i)−π Nominal interest rate Inflation (no surprises) Nominal after‑tax return Real after‑tax return 15% 12% 10% -2% 6% 3% 12% 9% 90% 87% 900% 897% Calculate the nominal and real after‑tax return for each case.Nominal interest rate = 6%, inflation = 3% Nominal after‑tax return: % Real after‑tax return: % Nominal interest rate = 12%, inflation = 9% Nominal after‑tax return: % Real after‑tax return: % Nominal interest rate = 90%, inflation = 87% Nominal after‑tax return: %…Please no written by hand solutions Suppose that the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 5%, and that the wage-setting equation is W= P(1-u), where u is the unemployment rate. a. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting equation? b. What is the natural rate of unemployment? c. Suppose that the markup of prices over costs increases to 10%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment? Explain the intuition behind your answer.Assume that next year’s wage rate will be 3 percent higher than this year’s because of inflationary expectations. The actual inflation rate is 4 percent. At the beginning of next year, will the real wage be higher, lower, or the same as today? Explain. Assume that Mark gets a fixed-rate loan from a bank when the expected inflation rate is 3 percent. If the actual inflation rate turns out to be 4 percent, who benefits from the unexpected inflation: Mark, the bank, neither, or both? Explain. How does each of the following changes affect the real gross domestic product and price level of an open economy in the short run? Explain. The depreciation of the country’s currency in the foreign exchange market.
- Based on Okun's rule of thumb, if you forecast that the output gap will decline from -1% to -3%, the unemployment rate will: O rise by 0.5%. rise by 2%. O rise by 1%. fall by 1%.Social loss is L=(u-5)^2+(pi-2)^2Philips curve is u=7-(pi-pi_e), where pi is actual inflation rate, pi_e is expected inflation by the public. (1)If gov't is honest, then gov't should choose pi =____ (2)If gov't is sophisticated and public is naive, then gov't should announce pi_a =____ (3)If gov't is sophisticated and public is naive, then gov't should choose pi =____1.(1)Social loss is L=(u-5)^2+(pi-2)^2Philips curve is u=6-(pi-pi_e), where pi is actual inflation rate, pi_e is expected inflation by the public.If gov't is honest, then gov't best choice of pi is: pi=___(2)Social loss is L=(u-5)^2+(pi-2)^2Philips curve is u=6-(pi-pi_e), where pi is actual inflation rate, pi_e is expected inflation by the public. If gov't is honest, then the smallest social loss possible is L=_____