How was smallpox eliminated? Natural immunity? Vacination? Etc. Appreciate that viruses are obligate parasites and outside of a cell they are inert and cannot reproduce How does normal bacterial flora protect humans from disease? What are some of the main foods that are produced o by microbes What are the criteria used to call a disease an emerging infectious disease? What are the main differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? MCB Exam 1 Review What is the main reason why plants depend on microbes What is bioremediation What is meant by resolution of a microscope? Know examples of differential stains aced Fast Stain,and gram otain Know the sequence of simple stain and the steps of gram stain What factors could cause gram positive organisms toaopear like gram negative after staining? Know the stain for capsules and endospores Know examples of selective and differential media Understand the principle of immunofluorescence and it's uses What is biofilm and its uses by microbes Know the stages of the growth curve of bacteria. Which stage is most susceptible to antibiotics? What is the ideal temp and pH for most bacteria? neutral Fied What is are the differences bėtweeh the cell walls of gram negative vs gram positive bacteria. What is a fastidious organism? What enzymes are used by obligate aerobes to break down reactive oxygen species? Why are the lesions seen in leprosy closer to the digits and periphery? Which microorganism is known to cause stomach ulcers? What is unique about atypical bacteria such as mycoplasma? it doesn't have a ceil

Q: E. Discuss the difference between Amoebic from Bacillary Dysentery.

A: * Since you have asked multiple questions in a single question. So only 1st question i.e. E will be ...

Q: In individuals affected by cystic fibrosis, salt crystals may appear after perspiration dries up. In...

A: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder.  

Q: What are the differences between the life cycles of trematodes and cestodes?

A: Introduction: Trematodes and cestodes are parasitic worms, they both belong to the kingdom Animalia....

Q: Does the ATP synthase protein complex have to be located precisely on the membrane in relation to wh...

A: Plants and many other photosynthetic microorganisms use sunlight to generate food and energy.  This ...

Q: Describe the gross structure of a skeletal muscle.

A: The muscles with alternate light and dark bands which remain associated with the skeleton and can co...

Q: is nature an art?

A: Nature can refer to the physical world made up of plants and animals.

Q: how are the organelles in a cell similar to the organs in a human body?

A: Introduction :- An organelle is a subcellular structure that, like an organ in the body, has one or ...

Q: 1. Discuss how the transcending functions are associated with the integrative levels of organization...

A: Ecosystems are arranged to help researchers better understand the context in which they are being ex...

Q: Why does osmosis seem backwards from other forms of diffuslon? O Science has still not been able to ...

A: Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient.  

Q: can you help me to identify by labelling the slides

A: This is the transverse section of loose areolar connective tissue. The labelled images attached step...

Q: It is estimated that every human carries at least one recessive lethal allele (i.e. they are heteroz...

A: In diploid organisms such as humans, the efficacy of selection on a deleterious mutation depends bot...

Q: List out Bone loading bearing's material properties (in bullet point) Explain each!

A: Bone loading : The tibias found in the lower leg below the knees are weight bearing bones . It is on...

Q: : select all that apply, more than one answer

A: Photic zone, Abyssal Zone, Limnetic zones are the ones which received adequate light from the sun an...

Q: What is genetic engineering? What organisms can it be performed on? Please give an example of at lea...

A: * Genetic engineering is also known as gene manipulation or modification. * It is a process to alter...

Q: 5: Discuss the modernist characteristics of fiction with respect to Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway.

A: Modernism" is artistic movement of the early twentieth century, from the 1900s to the 1940s (roughly...

Q: a 60-year-old Patient was taken to the hospital by ambulance for an obturation intestinal obstructio...

A: Intestinal obstruction is a blockage that keeps food, or bowel passing through small or large intest...

Q: an help me to identify this image by labelled them and describes also

A: This histopathological image is of Nodular Lymphocyte predominant hodgkin lymphoma.

Q: Explain the importance of the protein structures (from its primary to quaternary structures) in thei...

A: Introduction:- The amino acid sequence and local, low-energy chemical bonding between atoms in the p...

Q: Could you give me the answer?

A: 1. Sitting in one place for long hours have many negative effects on our overall health. It results ...

Q: what are the different taxonomic classifications of protozoans

A: Introduction :- Protozoa are heterotrophic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms. They can either live f...

Q: hat is DNA

A:

Q: If 3 completely dominant gene pairs A a, B b, C c are assorting independently, how many progeny geno...

A: a. Progeny genotypes means the trait in daughter cell should contain all the alleles which are prese...

Q: what is the probability that he might be a carrier of the recessive gene?

A: Cystic fibrosis is associated with the CFTR gene that encodes a protein that helps thin the mucous l...

Q: Select the statements that are true for lactic acid fermentation carricd out in muscle cells. O This...

A: The term fermentation is associated with a metabolic process that can be found in several microorgan...

Q: How do you describe the synthesis and modification pathway of eukaryotic proteins and lipids that ar...

A: Eukaryotes are organisms the cells have a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear envelope. 

Q: An adoptive parent may not disinherit an adopted child.

A: biological children -  the  child conceived rather than adopted by a specified parent, and therefore...

Q: Identify the stages of follicle development in the following images Primordial follicle Primary fol...

A: primordial follicle: single oocyte surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells.   Primary folli...

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A: 1. Non-lethal storage of biological material at ultra-low temperature that almost all metabolic acti...

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A: Alleles are the alternative forms of genes that are located on the same locus of a homologous chromo...

Q: if you were going to move a vesicle or organelle from one place to another within a cell, describe t...

A: If we were going to move a vesicle or organelle from one place to another within a cell,nuclear enve...

Q: PHow does the oxygen binding curve of fetal hemoglobin differ from that of adult hemoglobin

A: Introduction: Haemoglobin is an iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein found in all vertebr...

Q: What is done when there is a delay of stool examination?

A: Q. What is done when there is a delay of stool examination?   Answer - When there is a delay of stoo...

Q: What does a MEGA plate tell you about your microbial culture?

A: Microbiology is a discipline of biology that studies creatures that are too small to view with the n...

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A: Dystrophin is a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact.

Q: aerobic and anaerobic respiration, NADH is oxidized to return to NAD+ which is needed for Glycolysis...

A: Aerobic respiration can be described as the process involving the breakdown of carbohydrates such as...

Q: Are all flatworms parasite? What are some of the special adaptations seen in the parasitic classes t...

A: About 80% flatworms parasitic in nature. Parasitic adaptation  enhance the survival and reproduction...

Q: Placentals Marsupials Monotremes Mammals AMNIOTA Birds Crocodiles Lizards + Snakes TETRAPODA Tuatara...

A: Agnathans are different class from Gnathostomata. So it is placed as a different node in the table w...

Q: The same team of researchers sets up an additional cross with this same population. They cross two f...

A: Dominant allele always express themselves in heterozygous condition. 

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A: The cell signalling helps in communication and the nature of cell signalling depends on the chemical...

Q: Which of the following season you would observe algal bloom (increased productivities) due to re-cir...

A: Algal bloom : It is an accumulation of algae in freshwater or marine water systems. During algal blo...

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A: Invertebrates: the animals lacking backbones and usually devoid of internal skeleton system, comes u...

Q: Which of the following is the ultimate energy source for the organisms (particularly the tubeworms) ...

A: The symbiotic interaction between germs and tube worms benefits both creatures since the bacteria is...

Q: Please help me answer this reviewer. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if not, un...

A: 1. Gynogenesis is the process of animal development with exclusive paternal inheritance. Answer: Gyn...

Q: Which one of these mutations would definitely NOT affect the function of the protein coded by the ge...

A: Mutation is defined as the event where the gene sequence of the DNA is altered giving rise to differ...

Q: What is the virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A: Virulence factors are specific molecules of pathogenic organisms that cause the invasion against the...

Q: the Marquis test was used on a sample suspected to contain amphetamine in a “field” sample, so the s...

A:   The colourimetric analysis involves the determination of a chemical substance (inorganic and organ...

Q: occurring

A: The Department of agriculture regulates field testing of GM crops for research. The environmental pr...

Q: What is the shape of the following cells?       spirochete     cocci     spirillum     baci...

A: INTRODUCTION The shape of the bacteria in the picture is given below.

Q: A hand-drawn PCR diagram to show the role of each component and relevance of each temperature shift ...

A: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first invented by Mullis in 1983. Its principle is based on the ...

Q: Describe three methods of bacterial count and their advantages

A: A substance's total bacteria count (TBC) is a numerical estimate of the number of microorganisms pre...

Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.