4. A previously undiscovered single celled organism was found living at a great depth on the ocean floor. Its nucleus contains only a single, linear chromosome consisting of  7x 106 nucleotide pairs of DNA coalesced with three types of histone-like proteins. The analysis of individual nucleosomes revealed that each unit contained one copy of each protein and that the short linker DNA had no protein bound to it If the entire chromosome consists of nucleosomes (discounting any linker DNA), how many are there and how many total proteins are needed to form them?

Q: 3c. there are three enzymes that go by the name of DNA polymerase 1 2 and 3. please describe the…

A: DNA polymerase helps in the synthesis of new strand of DNA. DNA polymerase is present in both…

Q: A diploid plant cell contains 2 billion base pairs of DNA. Q. How many nucleosomes are present in…

A: The nucleosome is a basic structural and functional repeating unit of chromatin. It contains eight…

Q: How would you design an experiment to test the hypothesis: Alpha tubulin is expressed at higher…

A: Alpha tubulin is a major component of cytoskeleton in eukaryotes. During cell division, this protein…

Q: 1.Why is mitosis also referred to as the equational division? 2. Where does the spindle fibre…

A: There are two type of cell division, mitosis and meiosis. Most  when people talk about "cell…

Q: Cell (A) contains 3.1 billion (3.1 x 109) base pairs of DNA. Each nucleosome has about 200 bp of DNA…

A: The eukaryotic DNA or chromatin is organised in a special structure that is known as nucleosome.…

Q: 6. Complete the cellular detail for each phase as you observe it in the whitefish cells. Below each…

A: According to our guideline we can answer only the first question. So, I did the question number 6…

Q: Which one explains the form of genetic material before nuclear division? a) Euchromatin b)…

A: Nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is a large organelle consisting of nuclear envelope,…

Q: 4. 16B (Eukaryotes): Describe 4 factors that differentiate eukaryotic chromosomes/genome from a…

A: Nucleus is a chief controller of the cell which carries genetic instructions . It comprises of…

Q: 6.) How does RNAi maintain the heterochromatin at the centromeres of chromosomes?

A: Heterochromatin is a form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is dense or closely packed. It varies…

Q: 1. What does heterochromatin mean? a. The genes are expressed and it is involved with gene…

A: Gene expression is a process by which the genes are turned on to form RNA and proteins.…

Q: how DNA be replicated during Interphase. What enzymes might be involved in DNA replication?

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: 1. Why is it that every cell needs to contain the DNA for the entire body when only a few of its…

A: DNA holds all of an organism's directions for growth, survival, and reproduction. DNA sequences…

Q: 2. Another kind of mutation is the so-called frameshift mutation, caused by an insertion or a…

A: Frame shift mutation occurring due to insertion or deletion of single nucleotide will lead to shift…

Q: 2. Since eukaryotic chromosomes are assembled with histone proteins, how are replication and…

A: Introduction :- Eukaryotes have numerous pairs of linear chromosomes that are all housed in the…

Q: All of the following statements regarding nucleosomes are true EXCEPT A each bead-like structure…

A: The length of DNA is about 5 feets. This 5 feets long DNA needs to be placed in nucleus of every…

Q: 1.In which phase of the cell cycle are DNA mutations most likely to occur? A.S Phase B.G1 Phase…

A: Mutation - Mutation is defined as the sudden inheritable changes which occurs either in the…

Q: How many codons are there in the mutated DNA - (b) and DNA - (c)?

A: DNA is the store house of genetic information. This genetic information expressed by the formation…

Q: 7. Which of the following best characterizes the events that occur at an origin of DNA replication?…

A: Replication is the process of duplication of individual strands of a double stranded DNA.  The…

Q: Consider how histone proteins bind to DNA and then explain whya high salt concentration can remove…

A: The complexity of an organism is based on the functioning of its genome. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)…

Q: 14. Some weed killers, insecticides, and food additives alter the DNA of certain cells. Because of…

A: Because of this effect, these substances are know as 2). Mutagens.  Mutagen is an chemical or…

Q: 4. Assuming that 32 million histone octamers are needed to package the human genome, how many…

A: Nuclear pore is a passageway which allow only specific substance to pass through nucleus to…

Q: 2. Give at least one example of a chromosomal structureor function affected by the following…

A: Chromosomes are the thread-like structures that possess a tightly coiled DNA molecule around the…

Q: 2. Give two different reasons for the much higher ratioof total DNA to protein-encoding DNA in the…

A: DNA is a polymer of nucleotides arranged in unique sequence in different organisms. It forms the…

Q: 4. Why do the dideoxynucleotides stop DNA extension?

A: The sequences of nucleotides on the DNA strand (dNTPs) constitute the genetic code or genome. The…

Q: 2. The organization of DNA requires that replication be performed by a large “machine of proteins."…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores the cell’s genetic information and is present in the nucleus of…

Q: I am trying to  understand DNA/chromosome structure and replication. I have a culture dish of human…

A: DNA is the genetic material present in the nucleus of the cells of an organism. It directs the…

Q: 2. Many proteins other than histones are found associated with chromosomes. What roles do these…

A: Histone proteins:  These proteins are alkaline. It is mostly found in the eukaryotic cell. Its main…

Q: 1. What is the first codon in the mRNA strand? 2. The second codon in the DNA double helix is TAT…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that forms the genetic material of an individual contains…

Q: Referring to Figure 17-19, draw a diagram showing theprocess whereby an inversion formed from…

A: Crossing over refers to the process of transferring genes between related chromosomes. Crossing over…

Q: 6) There is clear evidence that chromatin state is directly related to the ability of proteins to…

A: The chromosomes appear as a mass of greatly fine tangled string called "chromatin." Chromatin is…

Q: 1. Illustrate. Consider the given pair of homologous DNA molecules. W X Y W' X' Y' w' x' W X y Z…

A: A Holliday junction is a nucleic acid structure with four double-stranded arms that are linked…

Q: 5. If dividing cells are grown in a culture medium containing radioactive thymidine, the thymidine…

A: In case of eukaryotic organism, cell containing nucleus, the cell cycle is categorized into two two…

Q: 3. Which is the only subphase of interphase where chromosome duplication oCcurs?

A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…

Q: 4. How is replication different from transcription in terms of product? 5. What do you call each…

A: DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid which contains the genetic coding of an individual.

Q: 10 A cell undergoes several different steps as it divides into two identical daughter cells. This…

A: During the cell cycle, spindle fibre attach to the centromere of chromosomes. Chromosomes then line…

Q: What is the main difference in the behavior of DNA and RNA polymerases?

A: Both DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases are enzymes.DNA polymerases are mainly involved during the…

Q: 7. Which of the following phosphates in a single-stranded DNA molecule is covalently attached to a…

A: DNA - DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a type of nucleic acid. It is composed of two…

Q: Why is it that every cell needs to contain the DNA for the entire body when only a few of its genes…

A: Aside from red blood cells and cornified cells, all other cells in the human body contain nuclear…

Q: 7. (a) Describe the mechanism by which human cells maintain a chromosome structure that consists of…

A: As per the guidelines, we are entitled to do the first part of the solution. So, I am providing a…

Q: How do humans maintain the normal number of chromosomes across generations? What is the relationship…

A: A chromosome is a long molecule of DNA with part or all of an organism's genetic material. Most…

Q: 4) What is occurring during the Anaphase stage of mitosis, such as is shown in the figure to the…

A: Mitosis is also known as equational division. It is divided into following stages -  Prophase…

Q: 2. When the enzyme telomerase was discovered, some termed it the "foundation of youth", as it is…

A: Telomerase are the enzymes also known as telomere terminal transferase is the enzyme made of protein…

Q: 4.Consider a cell in metaphase compared to a cell in rest (not in the cell cycle leading to cell…

A: Metaphase refers to the second stage of mitosis in the cell cycle of eukaryotes. It accounts for…

Q: 1. What is a nucleosome? Briefly discuss its significance? 2. In what stage of interphase does…

A: The DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material in living organisms that is present in the…

Q: 4. Which statement about telomeres is incorrect? A) Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at…

A: A telomere constitutes end of a chromosome. Telomeres are made of repetitive sequence of non-coding…

Q: Describe the levels of organization in the DNA molecule when in the form of a visible chromosome.…

A: Nucleosome model is a scientific model which explain the organization of the DNA and the associated…

Q: 1. What materials provide the substance of a densely staining chromosomes present during mitosis?…

A: In eukaryotes, the genetic material or genome of a cell is enclosed in a nucleus, whereas in…

Q: 1. The production of arginine is terminated by the presence of excess arginine. State which…

A: Amino acids are important for the synthesis of proteins, they also act as precursors for the…