Blood taken from Raymond is injected into Fred, causing increased transcription of red protein in Fred's cells You take a sample of Raymond's blood, mix it with a 50-50 mix of water and oil. Injecting the water fraction into Fred has no effect, while injecting the oil fraction causes increased transcription of red protein in Fred's cells. The chemical agent causing these effects in Fred is most probably O #3 A sterold hormone O #1 Acting via CAMP O #2 Binding to a plasma membrane-bound receptor on Fred's cells O #1 and #2 O #1, #2 and #3

Blood taken from Raymond is injected into Fred, causing increased transcription of red protein in Fred's cells You take a sample of Raymond's blood, mix it with a 50-50 mix of water and oil. Injecting the water fraction into Fred has no effect, while injecting the oil fraction causes increased transcription of red protein in Fred's cells. The chemical agent causing these effects in Fred is most probably O #3 A sterold hormone O #1 Acting via CAMP O #2 Binding to a plasma membrane-bound receptor on Fred's cells O #1 and #2 O #1, #2 and #3

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Description: Blood taken from Raymond is injected into Fred, causing increased transcription of red protein inFred's cells You take a sample of Raymond's blood, mix it with a 50-50 mix of water and oil.Injecting the water fraction into Fred has no effect, while

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter37: The Endocrine System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In...

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I. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a transcription factor that is similar to steroid hormone receptors. Thesubstance (ligand) that binds to this receptor is retinoicacid. One of the genes whose transcription is activatedby retinoic acid binding to the receptor is myoD. Thediagram that follows shows a schematic view of theRAR proteins produced by genes into which one oftwo different 12-base double-stranded oligonucleotides had been inserted in the ORF. The insertion site(a–m) associated with each mutant protein is indicatedwith the appropriate letter on the polypeptide map.For constructs encoding proteins a–e, oligonucleotide 1(5′ TTAATTAATTAA 3′ read off either strand) wasinserted into the RAR gene. For constructs encoding proteins f–m, oligonucleotide 2 (5′ CCGGCCGGCCGG 3′)was inserted into the gene.NH2 f g h i j k l m COOHa b c d eThe wild-type RAR protein can both bind DNA and activate transcription weakly in the absence of retinoic acid(RA) and strongly in RA’s presence. Each…
Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?
Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.
Phorbol esters have been observed to induce the transcription of AP-1–influenced genes. Explain how this processcould occur. What are the consequences of AP-1 transcription? What role does intermittent exposure to phorbol estershave on an individual’s health?
The body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has an unusually low number of testosterone receptors. How might the cell's response to testosterone be affected by its low number of testosterone receptors? A. The cell will activate more protein kinases in response to testosterone exposure than a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors. B. The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure. C. The cell will make less cAMP in response to testosterone exposure. D. The cell’s response to testosterone exposure will be identical to the response of a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.
Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of thefollowing except(A) activation of receptor tyrosine kinases.(B) activation of protein kinase molecules.(C) activation of G protein-coupled receptors.(D) regulation of transcription by signaling molecules.
The lipid-soluble thyroxine hormone binds a nuclear receptor that is also a transcription factor. Binding of the thyroxine hormone will therefore result in A change in the activity of different proteins in the cytoplasm A change in the expression of specific genes An activation of a second messenger pathway
In which condition a trimeric G protein is activated by a cell-surface receptor,a. the a subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.b. the B subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.c. the GDP bound to the a subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP.d. it dissociates into a free B subunit and an ay subunit.e. it dissociates into an active a subunit and in inactive By subunit.
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How does NF-κB induce gene expression? a. A small, hydrophobic ligand binds to NF-κB, activating it. b. Phosphorylation of the inhibitor Iκ-B dissociates the complex between it and NF-κB, and allows NF- κB to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription. c. NF-κB is phosphorylated and is then free to enter the nucleus and bind DNA. d. NF-κB is a kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor that binds DNA and promotes protein production.