Certain bacteria use the enzyme penicillinase to decom-pose penicillin and render it inactive. The Michaelis-Menten constants for this enzyme and substrate are Km =5 × 10-5 mol L-ªand k, = 2 × 10³ s¯1.(a) What is the maximum rate of decomposition of peni-cillin if the enzyme concentration is 6 × 10-7 M?(b) At what substrate concentration will the rate ofdecomposition be half that calculated in part (a)?

Given, Michalis - Menten constants for pencillinase to decompose penicillin are Km = 5×10-5…

Answered: Certain bacteria use the enzyme…

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

5th Edition

ISBN:9781285199047

Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Chapter11: Chemical Kinetics: Rates Of Reactions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 116QRT

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Similar questions

Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an athlete is 42 days. Assuming that the steroids biodegrade by a first-order process 5, how long would it take for 164 of the initial dose to remain in the athlete’s body?
The precipitation of egg albumin in water at 100C has an activation energy of 52.0 kJ/mol. By what percent does the rate of precipitation decrease if the water is at 92C?
The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?
A catalyst reduces the activation energy of a reaction from 215 to 206 kJ. By what factor would you expect the reaction-rate constant to increase at 25 C? Assume that the pre-exponential term (A) is the same for both reactions. (Hint: Use the formula ln k = ln A Ea/RT.)
When enzymes are present at very low concentration, their effect on reaction rate can be described by first-order kinetics. Calculate by what factor the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction changes when the enzyme concentration is changed from 1.5 107 M to 4.5 106 M.
Sucrose, a sugar, decomposes in acid solution to give glucose and fructose. The reaction is first-order in sucrose, and the rate constant at 25 C is k = 0.21 h1. If the initial concentration of sucrose is 0.010 mol/L, what is its concentration after 5.0 h?
When formic acid is heated, it decomposes to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a first-order decay. HCOOH(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) At 550 C, the half-life of formic acid is 24.5 minutes. (a) What is the rate constant, and what are its units? (b) How many seconds are needed for formic acid, initially 0.15 M, to decrease to 0.015 M?
Regular ?ights of supersonic aircraft in the stratosphere ale of concern because such aircraft produce nitric oxide, NO, as a byproduct in the exhaust of their engines. Nitric oxide reacts with ozone, and it has been suggested that this could contribute to depletion of the ozone layer. The reaction NO+O3NO2+O2 is first order with respect to both NO and O3 with a rate constant of 2.20107 L/mol/s. What is the instantaneous rate of disappearance of NO when [NO]=3.3106 M and [O3]=5.9107M?
The first-order rate constant for the decomposition of a certain hormone in water at 25C is 3.42104day1. (a) If a 0.0200 M solution of the hormone is stored at 25C for two months, what will its concentration be at the end of that period? (b) How long will it take for the concentration of the solution to drop from 0.0200 M to 0.00350 M? (c) What is the half-life of the hormone?
What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?
. explain the difference between elementary reactions and multistep reactions.
A substance undergoes first-order decomposition. After 40.0 min at 500°C, only 12.5% of the original sample remains. YYliat is the half-life of the decomposition? If the original sample weighed 243 g, how much would remain after 2.00 h?

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