Citric Acid Cycle Notes? C² 1000 K
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![atric
acid
Citric Acid Cycle Notes?
atrate
Step 1:
fynthalt)
H-C-COOH M-C-C00⁰
Step 3:
Step 5:
H-O-C-COOH D-C-Cooe
1
H-C-COOH
-C-COO
Step 7:
H-
CH₂-C-GA
(
H
Citric Acid
K
A) Which steps require NAD+?
B) Which steps require FAD?
Comu. base
of Citric and
(isocitrate)
4
Step 2.--COM
1
И-С-СООН
по-с-соон
2 alcohol H
Step 4:
Step 6:
Step 8:
ан, котодвинов
4-Ć-COOH
нс-н
OT
1-C-COOH
to gluctasote
decarboxylation
2. keto g
(Reduced Coenzymes]
Cycle - NAPH/H+ FADH₂](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3118995f-3428-49df-b733-75110484435f%2Fcd447131-04d2-4dc3-935a-21d1483be129%2Fek8kn0a_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction. Select answer choice in between brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+Consider oleic acid (18:1D9): Total number of ATP produced from oleic acid complete oxidation (exclude transport)?a) Calculate the enzyme and specific activity of a reaction with 3 μM Hsp90 using the following information: The rate is measured in a spectrophotometer as 0.028 OD units/min in a 1 ml reaction volume. The absorbance was detected at 340nm and the extinction coefficient for NADH at this wavelength is 6200 L M-1 min-1 and the molecular mass of Hsp90 is 82.7 kDa. The rate of NADH utilisation is equivalent to the rate of ATP utilised by Hsp90. Show all your calculations and the units for your answers. b) Calculate the turnover number for the reaction described in (a) above
- Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction by selecting an answer choice in the brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+If a reaction has a ΔG°′ value of at least −30.5 kJ · mol−1, suffi -cient to drive the synthesis of ATP (ΔG°′ = 30.5 kJ · mol−1), can it still drive the synthesis of ATP in vivo when its ΔG is only −10 kJ · mol−1? Explain.
- Begining with 1 M concentrations of each reactant and product at pH=7 and 25.0 degrees C, calculate the K'eq of the reaction Pyruvate + NADH Lactate + NADH+H+. Note the temperature of this reaction will not affect the standard reducton potentialPlease answer fast draw pyruvate carboxylase mechanism. cofsctors must include. label all substrates and priducts. label reversible irrreversible stepsChoose the correct answer from the options in brackets. The [positive/negative] standard free‑energy change favors the oxidation of succinate by covalently‑bound FAD. This is consistent with K′eq [ >1 / =1 / <1 ]. Oxidation by NAD+ would require a large, [positive/negative] standard free‑energy change, with K′eq favoring the synthesis of succinate.
- Describe the PPP reactions (metabolites and enzymes involved) that would be used if the cell requires Ribose-5-phosphate, but no NADPH.Give all the reactions that will produce ATP either by substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) or by oxidative phosphorylation (OP). If the given require a shuttle system, please indicate both MA shuttle and GP shuttle and give the ATP produced. Given: fructose 6-phosphate to 2pyruvateUnder standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?