Clearer Designs has a printing press sitting idly in its back room. The press has cannot be sold to another printer because the machine utilizes old technology. The firm could get $250 for the press as scrap metal. The press is six years old and originally cost $148,000. The current book value is $2,570. The president of the firm is considering a new project and feels he can use this press for that project. What value, if any, should be assigned to the press as an initial cost of the new project? a) $0 b) $250 c) $2,245 d) $2,570
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Clearer Designs has a printing press sitting idly in its back room. The press has cannot be sold to another printer because the machine utilizes old technology. The firm could get $250 for the press as scrap metal. The press is six years old and originally cost $148,000. The current book value is $2,570. The president of the firm is considering a new project and feels he can use this press for that project. What value, if any, should be assigned to the press as an initial cost of the new project?
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- St. Johns River Shipyards welding machine is 15 years old, fully depreciated, and has no salvage value. However, even though it is old, it is still functional as originally designed and can be used for quite a while longer. A new welder will cost 182,500 and have an estimated life of 8 years with no salvage value. The new welder will be much more efficient, however, and this enhanced efficiency will increase earnings before depreciation from 27,000 to 74,000 per year. The new machine will be depreciated over its 5-year MACRS recovery period, so the applicable depreciation rates are 20.00%, 32.00%, 19.20%, 11.52%, 11.52%, and 5.76%. The applicable corporate tax rate is 25%, and the project cost of capital is 12%. What is the NPV if the firm replaces the old welder with the new one?Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?
- Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.Parker & Stone, Inc., is looking at setting up a new manufacturing plant in South Park to produce garden tools. The company bought some land 6 years ago for $5,397,921 in anticipation of using it as a warehouse and distribution site, but the company has since decided to rent these facilities from a competitor instead. If the land were sold today, the company would net $3,370,355. An engineer was hired to study the land at a cost of $559,424, and her conclusion was that the land can support the new manufacturing facility. The company wants to build its new manufacturing plant on this land; the plant will cost $4,394,972 million to build, and the site requires $1,358,566 worth of grading before it is suitable for construction. What is the proper cash flow amount to use as the initial investment in fixed assets when evaluating this project?Parker & Stone, Inc., is looking at setting up a new manufacturing plant in South Park to produce garden tools. The company bought some land 5 years ago for $7,385,474 in anticipation of using it as a warehouse and distribution site, but the company has since decided to rent these facilities from a competitor instead. If the land were sold today, the company would net $3,944,875. An engineer was hired to study the land at a cost of $617,920, and her conclusion was that the land can support the new manufacturing facility. The company wants to build its new manufacturing plant on this land; the plant will cost $5,838,309 to build, and the site requires $994,648 worth of grading before it is suitable for construction. What is the proper cash flow amount to use as the initial investment in fixed assets when evaluating this project?
- Management of Plascencia Corporation is considering whether to purchase a new model 370 machine costing $502,000 or a new model 220 machine costing $443,000 to replace a machine that was purchased 11 years ago for $470,000. The old machine was used to make product I43L until it broke down last week. Unfortunately, the old machine cannot be repaired.Management has decided to buy the new model 220 machine. It has less capacity than the new model 370 machine, but its capacity is sufficient to continue making product I43L.Management also considered, but rejected, the alternative of simply dropping product I43L. If that were done, instead of investing $443,000 in the new machine, the money could be invested in a project that would return a total of $487,000.In making the decision to buy the model 220 machine rather than the model 370 machine, the differential cost was: A: 59,000 B: 27,000 C: 32,000 D: 17,000Management of NUBD Corporation is considering whether to purchase a new model L37 machine costing 360,000 or a new model L20 machine costing 340,000 to replace a machine that was purchased 7 years ago for 348,000. The old machine was used to make product LUV until it broke down last week. Unfortunately, the old machine cannot be repaired. Management has decided to buy the new model L20 machine. It has less capacity than the new model L37 machine, but its capacity is sufficient to continue making product LUV. Management also considered, but rejected, the alternative of simply dropping product LUV. If that were done, instead of investing 340,000 in the new machine, the money could be invested in a project that would return a total of 250,000. In making the decision to invest in the model L20 machine, the opportunity cost was?Management of Plascencia Corporation is considering whether to purchase a new model 370 machine costing $360,000 or a new model 220 machine costing $340,000 to replace a machine that was purchased 7 years ago for $348,000. The old machine was used to make product I43L until it broke down last week. Unfortunately, the old machine cannot be repaired. Management has decided to buy the new model 220 machine. It has less capacity than the new model 370 machine, but its capacity is sufficient to continue making product I43L. Management also considered, but rejected, the alternative of simply dropping product I43L. If that were done, instead of investing $340,000 in the new machine, the money could be invested in a project that would return a total of $411,000. In making the decision to buy the model 220 machine rather than the model 370 machine, the sunk cost was: Multiple Choice A. $348,000 B. $340,000 C. $360,000 D. $411,000
- Management of Plascencia Corporation is considering whether to purchase a new model 370 machine costing $511,000 or a new model 220 machine costing $471,000 to replace a machine that was purchased 7 years ago for $503,000. The old machine was used to make product I43L until it broke down last week. Unfortunately, the old machine cannot be repaired. Management has decided to buy the new model 220 machine. It has less capacity than the new model 370 machine, but its capacity is sufficient to continue making product I43L. Management also considered, but rejected, the alternative of simply dropping product I43L. If that were done, instead of investing $471,000 in the new machine, the money could be invested in a project that would return a total of $479,000. In making the decision to invest in the model 220 machine, the opportunity cost was: Multiple Choice $503,000 $471,000 $511,000 $479,000Hughes Corporation is considering replacing a machine used in the manufacturing process with a new, more efficient model. The purchase price of the new machine is $150,000 and the old machine can be sold for $100,000. Output for the two machines is identical; they will both be used to produce the same amount of product for five years. However, the annual operating costs of the old machine are $18,000 compared to $10,000 for the new machine. Also, the new machine has a salvage value of $25,000, but the old machine will be worthless at the end of the five years. Required: Should the company sell the old machine and purchase the new model? Assume that an 8% rate properly reflects the time value of money in this situation and that all operating costs are paid at the end of the year. Ignore the effect of the decision on income taxes.Hughes Corporation is considering replacing a machine used in the manufacturing process with a new, more efficient model. The purchase price of the new machine is $150,000 and the old machine can be sold for $100,000. Output for the two machines is identical; they will both be used to produce the same amount of product for five years. However, the annual operating costs of the old machine are $18,000 compared to $10,000 for the new machine. Also, the new machine has a salvage value of $25,000, but the old machine will be worthless at the end of the five years. You are deciding whether the company should sell the old machine and purchase the new model. You have determined that an 8% rate properly reflects the time value of money in this situation and that all operating costs are paid at the end of the year. For this initial comparison you ignore the effect of the decision on income taxes. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) Required: 1. What is the…
