Comparing SNPs to STR markers, which of the following are true? Select one: a. SNP loci generally have more alleles than STR loci. b. SNP loci could not be used for forensic CODIS DNA profiling. c. SNPs are not the same as microsatellite DNA. d. There are many more STR loci in the human genome than SNP markers.
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Comparing SNPs to STR markers, which of the following are true?
SNP loci generally have more alleles than STR loci.
SNP loci could not be used for
SNPs are not the same as microsatellite DNA.
There are many more STR loci in the human genome than SNP markers.
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- (A) After three cycles of PCR, how many DNA molecules are present that correspond precisely to the desired amplification product? (B) What about after 5 cycles. Assume that we started with one molecule in each case, and that the reaction is perfectly efficient.a. What determines the size (length) of the primary PCR product? b. What might a successful gel check of a PCR reaction look like?DNA dragnets have been so successful that some people have suggested that DNA samples of everyone should be stored at birth, so a profile could be made for anyone at any time. A. Do you think this is a good idea or not? And, B. do you think it useful or ethical for the FBI to store DNA samples from people who have been arrested but not yet convicted of a crime? Answer both questions,
- What is the purpose of adding a primer to a PCR reaction? Is this primer made up of DNA or RNA nucleotides? Explain your reasoning.Imagine you wanted to preserve the dwindling populations of giant pandas by developing breeding programs for captive pandas around the world. To preserve the maximum genetic diversity, you want to mate the individuals that are least related to each other. Which of the following methods of analysis would be most helpful in determining which of the captive pandas were related? a. PCR b. STR analysis c. DNA microinjection d. DNA sequencingWhen forensic experts work with a blood sample, what part of it do they use for PCR; red blood cells, white blood cells, or proteinaceous antibodies? If trying to find a tandem repeat segment, why would you pick one choice other another?
- A) What are the three main steps involved in PCR? Include temperatures and descriptions of each step. B) Explain why RFLP can produce many bands on an electrophoresis gel and PCR (one set of primers) will only produce one or two bands on a gel for the same genome.a. It is possible to perform DNA fingerprinting withSNPs instead of SSRs as DNA markers, but ingeneral you would need to examine more SNPmarkers than the 13 SSRs used in the CODIS database to be sure of a match. Explain why.b. DNA fingerprinting has been used to verify pedigrees of valuable animals such as show dogs, racinggreyhounds, and thoroughbred horses. However, thetechnology is much harder to apply in these casesthan it is in forensic applications for humans. In particular, many more DNA markers must be examinedin domesticated animals to establish the identity orclose familial relationship of two DNA samples.Why would you need to look at more polymorphicloci in these animals than you would in humans?How to find any evidence of cantamination or degradation of DNA in the DNA profiles you examined? how important is the detabase that is used to determine allele frequencies in DNA profiling cases
- In next-generation sequencing, which of these advances allows for massively parallel sequencing? a. Pieces of DNA are fixed to a surface, so we can tell which new nucleotides were added to each piece. b. DNA sequences are read in real-time as nucleotides are added to each piece. c. Each segment of the genome can be pieced back together through shotgun alignment d. Single molecules of DNA can be read without the need for amplification.a. Explain whether or not DNA polymerase from a mesophilic bacterium could be used successfully in a PCR reaction. b. If starting with a single double-stranded DNA molecule, how many copies of the DNA would be synthesized after 25 PCR cycles?Explain why RFLP can produce many bands on an electrophoresis gel and PCR (one set of primers) will only produce one or two bands on a gel for the same genome.